Copyright © 2018
John F. Oyler
February 15, 2018
Theodore Roosevelt
The
Bridgeville Area Historical Society traditionally schedules its January and
February meetings on Sunday afternoons rather than their customary Tuesday
evenings, in deference to the winter weather. Last month’s meeting featured an
old friend, Dr. Jack Aupperle, with his fourth appearance. This time he
discussed Theodore Roosevelt and did his usual fine job of mixing information
with entertainment.
Teddy
Roosevelt was born in Manhattan in 1858, the second of four children in a
wealthy family. He was home schooled by his mother and a succession of tutors. His
lifelong fascination with natural science was demonstrated by his compiling an
impressive collection of stuffed birds when he was only ten years old.
Concerned
about his son’s poor health, primarily asthma, and frail body, his father
installed a state-of-the-art gymnasium in their home and started Teddy on a body-building
regimen that converted the spindly fourteen-year-old into a muscular he-man
four years later. The body building was accompanied by an equally impressive
growth intellectually. He enrolled at Harvard where he was an outstanding
student, earning a Phi Beta Kappa key.
Following
graduation from Harvard Roosevelt married Alice Longworth Lee and entered
Columbia Law School. He soon concluded that he was more interested in entering
politics and in writing a history of the War of 1812 than studying law. He was
elected to the New York State Assembly the same year his impressive “The Naval War
of 1812” was published. His success was soon shattered by the death of his
wife, giving birth to their first child.
Despite
his grief he continued to be a major factor in the New York Republican party. He
led the state delegation at the Republican National Convention in Chicago in
1884. Disillusioned by the nomination of James G. Blaine he decided to take a
hiatus from politics and become a cowboy. He purchased a ranch in Elkhorn,
North Dakota, where he became interested in raising beef cattle, in hunting,
and in conservation. He authored three books dealing with this experience.
Following
a severe winter that destroyed most of his herd, he returned to New York. In
1886 he married Edith Carow; a union that produced five children. He ran for
Mayor of New York and was disappointed by a third-place result. His reaction to
this disappointment was the writing of another highly successful book “The
Winning of the West”.
Roosevelt
supported Benjamin Harrison’s successful campaign for the Presidency in 1888
and was rewarded with the job of Civil Service Commissioner in Washington. He
promptly reformed the whole process of hiring civil servants, replacing
patronage with a merit system. In 1894 a reform candidate, William Lafayette
Strong, was elected Mayor of New York and persuaded Roosevelt to return to his
home town and clean up the Police Commission. His reputation as a reformer
continued to grow in this assignment.
In 1897
newly elected President William McKinley appointed Roosevelt Assistant
Secretary of the Navy, a post he exploited to expand the fleet and to promote
the expulsion of Spain from the New World. The explosion of the battleship
Maine in Havana harbor provided the excuse for the Spanish-American War.
Roosevelt immediately resigned and organized the First US Volunteer Cavalry
Regiment. Nicknamed the Rough Riders, they were assigned to a cavalry division
commanded by former Joseph Wheeler.
The
Rough Riders’ heroics in Cuba made a national hero of Roosevelt, a reputation
he exploited by being elected governor of the state of New York. In his short
term in Albany his progressive ideas so alienated the Republican party bosses
that they decided to railroad him into a dead-end job; he was selected as
President McKinley’s running mate in the 1900 election. For six months he suffered
through the boredom of a meaningless life.
McKinley
was shot by an assassin on September 6, 1901, and died eight days later,
initiating a presidency that was filled with accomplishments and controversy. Trust
busting, the establishment of the Department of Commerce and Labor, the Pure
Food and Drug Act, massive expansion of the national park system, the Panama
Canal – hardly a day went by without some significant issue being addressed.
Prior to the 1908 election Roosevelt announced that his endorsement of term
limits would prevent him from running for a third term. He enthusiastically
endorsed his friend William Howard Taft as his successor.
Things
had changed by 1912. Taft had retrogressed on many of Roosevelt’s reforms while
the former president had grown even more progressive. Roosevelt elected to run
against the incumbent. When he failed to earn the Republican nomination, he
formed a new party, the Progressive Party (nicknamed the Bull Moose Party).
While campaigning as its candidate he was shot by a disgruntled saloon keeper. The
bullet penetrated his spectacles case, then the very thick folded speech in his
pocket, before being lodged in his chest muscle. Despite the blood spreading
over his shirt, he completed the speech before being treated. The bullet was
never removed.
His
efforts in the 1912 election succeeded only in splitting the Republican vote,
allowing the Democratic candidate, Woodrow Wilson, to win with 42% of the
popular vote. Roosevelt then retired from public life, concentrating on
exploring and big game hunting in Africa and South America. He died at the age
of sixty in 1919. His accomplishments earned him a place on Mount Rushmore with
Washington, Jefferson, and Lincoln.
The next
program in this series is scheduled for 1:30 pm, Sunday, February 25, 2018, in
the Chartiers Room at the Bridgeville Volunteer Fire Department. Gary Augustine
will discuss “Hollywood, World War II, and the Movies”. As always, the public
is welcome.
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