Copyright © 2017
John F. Oyler
February 2, 2017
Historic Maps
The most recent addition to the Bridgeville Area Historical
Society archives is a collection of four large historical maps of Pennsylvania,
donated by Dana Spriggs, a donation greatly appreciated especially by me. Being
a Civil Engineer and surveyor and possessing an MOS (military occupational
specialty) of cartographic draftsman, I am thrilled by every map I see and
particularly old maps of this region.
The first map has a title in French, “La Pensilvanie, en
trois Feuilles”. I think “trois Feuilles” refers to its size – three sheets.
The print Dana sent is about twenty four inches high by forty eight inches
wide; perhaps a sheet is sixteen inches by twenty four inches.
In a different spot a title in English states “A Map of
Pennsylvania, exhibiting not only the improved parts of that province, but also
its extensive frontiers: Laid down from actual surveys and chiefly from the
late map of W. Scull published in 1770.”
It goes on to document the fact that the map was produced for the
benefit of the Penn family, proprietors and governors of the province.
Consequently this appears to be a pre-Revolutionary War map
of the colony that eventually became the Keystone State. My continued interest
in the Mason and Dixon Line immediately prompted me to look for the boundary
between Pennsylvania and the Calvert colony of Maryland. Although the surveyors
are not credited on this map, the boundary is indeed shown at the proper
latitude – 39 degrees, 43 minutes, 20 seconds. It ends at the western border of
Maryland; ignoring the additional survey beyond that point.
More significant of course is the fact that the sovereignty
of what is now southwestern Pennsylvania is undefined. Also undefined is Pennsylvania’s
northern border, the forty second parallel. In fact the map stops well below
that latitude.
The map clearly shows Braddock’s Road from (Fort) Cumberland
through Great Meadows to Dunbar’s Camp (near Uniontown) and on to “Guest’s” where
it forked. One branch went west to Fort Burd and Redstone Creek (Brownsville).
The other branch went on to Fort Pitt (designated “formerly Fort Duquesne”,
crossing the Youghiogheny north of Connellsville before swinging to the
northwest.
Braddock’s Field (“Champ” in French) and the Bushy Run site
of Bouquet’s victory are also shown. Chartiers Creek is identified correctly.
There is no other indication of life in this area except for a saw mill on what
is now Saw Mill Run. The nearest Indian settlements are Sewickley’s Old Town
and Chartier’s Old Town, up the Allegheny River near Oakmont.
The second map is entitled “Pennsylvania, entworfen von D.
F. Sotzman” with a subtitle “Hamburg bey Carl Ernst Bohn, 1797.” Daniel
Friederich Sotzmann was a prominent German mapmaker in the late 1800s; Herr
Bohn ran a publishing firm in Hamburg. This map was one of their best-known
products.
It is indeed a beauty. The legend (explanation or
“erklarung” in German) is full of interesting detail. Roads varying from
“Bridle Road” to “County Line” are each shown differently. All manner of
colonial era industrial facilities are shown – forge (eisenhammer), grist mill
(kornmuhle), saw mill (sagemuhle), etc., as well as Indian towns and Indian
paths.
By 1797 Pennsylvania’s boundary disputes had all been
resolved; the map shows the boundaries as they exist today, including “the Erie
Triangle”, the portion of New York containing Presque Isle that we acquired in
return for renouncing our claims to northeastern Ohio. In effect, we traded Cleveland
for Erie.
In this part of the state the counties have been organized;
the mapmaker calls them grafschafts, the German name for regions that have been
the property of counts (grafs). The border between Greene (“Green” on the map)
and Washington Counties is an east-west line, close to the irregular border
that exists today. “Alleghany” County includes all the land north of the Ohio
River and west of the Allegheny, all the way to Lake Erie.
The portion immediately north of the Ohio River and bounded by
an east-west line several miles north of Butler is designated “Depreciation
Lands”. The Depreciation Lands referred to tracts that were sold to raise money
to underwrite depreciation certificates given to Revolutionary War soldiers who
had received depreciated currency for pay, primarily men who had served in the
Pennsylvania Line or the Pennsylvania Navy.
The rest of northwestern Pennsylvania was designated
“Donation Lands”. These were tracts of land ranging from 250 acres to 500 acres
that were awarded to Pennsylvanians who remained in the Continental Army or the
Navy until the end of the Revolutionary War. Both the Depreciation Lands and
the Donation Lands had been acquired from the Iroquois (Six Nations) as a
result of the 1784 Treaty of Fort Stanwix. It is interesting that the area
currently occupied by the (Seneca) Cornplanter Reservation is outlined on this
map.
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