tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-80619272943827480642024-03-22T16:23:06.327-07:00Water Under the BridgeWater Under the Bridge, by John F. OylerJohn F Oylerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04193837081231754727noreply@blogger.comBlogger206125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8061927294382748064.post-15179450919458021282024-03-22T16:16:00.000-07:002024-03-22T16:22:28.794-07:00<p> Copyright © 2024 </p><p>John F. Oyler </p><p>March 21, 2024 </p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="text-align: left;"><b>Iditarod 2024</b></span></div><p></p><p><br /></p><p>In recent years my favorite sport event has become the Iditarod, the sled dog race from Anchorage to Nome. It commemorates the 1925 Serum Run to Nome, when relay teams of mushers and sled dogs delivered vaccines to Nome to head off a diphtheria epidemic. In 1972 three Alaskans, concerned that the advent of motor-driven snowmobiles would force sled-dogs onto the Endangered Species List, proposed a rigorous long-distance race replicating that historic event. This year’s Iditarod is its fifty-second running.</p><p><br /></p><p>It began with a ceremonial start in Anchorage, followed by an official “restart” eleven miles north, in Willow. This year thirty-eight teams left Willow Sunday afternoon, March 3, in a staggered start, at two minute intervals. The trail leads west, eventually into the Alaska Range, where steep slopes and deep snow always provide serious complications. This year the mushers encountered a different problem, a moose taking an afternoon nap in the middle of the trail.</p><p><br /></p><p>A few miles east of the Finger Lake checkpoint the narrow trail had been cut through snow drifts four feet high on each side. The moose was sleeping peacefully when front-runner Jesse Holmes and his team came upon it. Startled, it got up and avoided an encounter when Jesse was able to swerve past it. The experience was repeated a few minutes later with Pete Kaiser and his team. By now the moose had had enough, and, when Dallas Seavey approached, it attacked his team, severely wounding one of the dogs with its hooves. Seavey responded by pulling out a hand-gun and killing the moose.</p><div><div>Iditarod (and Alaska Game Commission) rules require that any animal killed during the race must be properly “dressed” before the musher can proceed. Seavey “gutted” the moose, dragged it off the trail, and texted the checkpoint with information regarding the event. Something in this process did not satisfy the Rules Committee, so he was penalized two hours for a minor infraction. During the race each team must take three mandatory rest stops at checkpoints, two for eight hours each, and one for twenty-four. The twenty-four-hour stop is incremented appropriately to make up for the staggered start – Seavey’s was increased by an additional two hours this because of the penalty. </div><div><br /></div><div>The trail on the west side of the Alaska Range, down “the Happy River Steps” from Finger Lake to Rainy Pass, was particularly difficult this year. Numerous videos have been shot showing mushers trying to negotiate the sharp switch backs down the steep slope. This year Jessie Royer experienced her first crash (in twenty-one Iditarods); her description of the trail made it sound like an Olympic bobsled run.</div><div><br /></div><div>Selecting a specific checkpoint for the twenty-four-hour stop is a major strategic decision. Most mushers choose to take it well before the halfway point of the race. Takotna (milepost 329), famous for unlimited servings of pie for the mushers, is a popular place for a twenty-four. Another popular candidate is Ophir (milepost 362). Both of these checkpoints are in established native villages, with amenities available. In contrast, Cripple (milepost 425), a difficult seventy-three run farther down the trail, is staffed only as a checkpoint.</div><div><br /></div><div>Seavey chose to blow through Ophir and gamble on resting at Cripple, an aggressive move. His team was moving well and had made up much of the two-hour penalty. He was ninety minutes behind front-runner Holmes when he reached Ophir, where Holmes had already started his twenty-four. Apparently Seavey theorized that his well-rested team could easily make up this deficit in the remaining 550 miles. By the time he got back on the trail, he would have a well-rested team and know precisely where he stood relative to his top competitors. In addition, he won $3000 in gold nuggets for being the first to arrive in Cripple.</div><div><br /></div><div>By the time Seavey departed Cripple, the staggered start discrepancies had all been eliminated and the set of front-runners established – Travis Beals, Jesse Holmes, Paige Drobny, Ryan Redington, Matt Hall, Dallas Seavey, and Jeff Deeter in order. One hundred and eighty-nine miles later at Unalakleet (milepost 714) the Trail reached the Bering Sea coast. At this point the order was – Holmes, Seavey, Beals, Hall, Drobny, Redington, and Deeter – with the lead changing each time the front-</div></div><div><br /></div><div><div>runner stopped for a rest and was leap-frogged by the teams still running. But, to quote old-timer Bruce Lee, “Leap-frogging only works until the frog in the front gets too far ahead to leap”.</div><div><br /></div><div>And that is exactly what happened on the stretch along the coast and out onto the sea ice of Norton Sound, where Seavey opened up a lead of fourteen miles coming into Koyuk (milepost 804). His lead continued to increase all the way into Nome, where he won his sixth Iditarod, in a time of 9 days, 2 hours, and sixteen minutes, four and a half hours ahead of Matt Hall, followed by Holmes, Deeter, and Drobny. It appears that Seavey opened up his lead over the field by taking significantly shorter rest periods than his nearest competitors. We must assume that all the mushers are doing what is best for their teams; perhaps his team was better conditioned for the long run than theirs.</div><div><br /></div><div>My enjoyment of the event is a combination of numerous factors – my fascination with the North Country; my love of dogs; my admiration of the mushers and their ability to manage a team for 975 miles in extreme conditions; men and women competing against each other on a level playing field; world class athletes camping out in the middle of the night with the temperature forty below and the sky filled with the Northern Lights; the variety of the venue, from mountain trail switchbacks to Bering Sea ice; the significant role that strategy plays in deciding the winner; and the combination of its extreme length and slowed down pace that permit me to savor what is happening. May it survive and prosper in the future!</div></div><div><br /></div>John F Oylerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04193837081231754727noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8061927294382748064.post-24613031023949608342020-12-17T08:32:00.001-08:002020-12-17T08:32:16.909-08:00Musings of an Octogenarian. July 30, 2020<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZgXr6QyVy-lIcHzy3C0k88ko4B8A10OY7OUu0dg7ESxL7Ck07GG5Rh9DAGEWbdO8CRJYdqU1uoy4yDuBYF00cKITWyXWd6i5NS_Cxf7ATD13bKsDd1sTS6lh2EIx2IecdXhKjXNMqYYiy/" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="468" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZgXr6QyVy-lIcHzy3C0k88ko4B8A10OY7OUu0dg7ESxL7Ck07GG5Rh9DAGEWbdO8CRJYdqU1uoy4yDuBYF00cKITWyXWd6i5NS_Cxf7ATD13bKsDd1sTS6lh2EIx2IecdXhKjXNMqYYiy/" width="176" /></a></div><br /><p></p>John F Oylerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04193837081231754727noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8061927294382748064.post-13166861398868943252020-12-17T08:30:00.002-08:002020-12-17T08:30:44.251-08:00The Gregg Avenue Neighborhood. July 23, 2020<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjASx6hpXyjgK9dKkLD1Wb5QSoNOfeQAJHYHm5MzN41bIdVjBAcOLVZBskM5ZCa_sy8xBvwimmoCJUFMDhuw63zm6ral-QizwAKzlVzC1c9xtafImglX3GguDJNbnnHlP9lZvfD5IXbw6j7/" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="640" data-original-width="468" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjASx6hpXyjgK9dKkLD1Wb5QSoNOfeQAJHYHm5MzN41bIdVjBAcOLVZBskM5ZCa_sy8xBvwimmoCJUFMDhuw63zm6ral-QizwAKzlVzC1c9xtafImglX3GguDJNbnnHlP9lZvfD5IXbw6j7/" width="176" /></a></div><br /><p></p>John F Oylerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04193837081231754727noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8061927294382748064.post-39946921244485214992020-08-11T17:21:00.000-07:002020-08-11T17:21:01.141-07:00Home Delivery. July 16, 2020<p> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Copyright © 2020 John F. Oyler </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> July 16, 2020<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Home Delivery<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">My (soon to be Nonagenarian) friend Don Toney is continually impressed with today’s technology and the modern miracles it has produced. Recently he was waxing eloquent about the convenience we have today ordering things on the Internet and having them delivered to our front door.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">My reaction was “Yes, but how much different is that from 1940?” Eighty years ago our parents appreciated the convenience of leafing through the Montgomery Wards and Sears, Roebuck catalogues, ordering items, and having them delivered to our homes. I particularly remember the excitement of receiving the Christmas catalogues right around Thanksgiving and pouring over the exciting collection of toys being offered.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">I too am impressed with the capability we have today, and the ease with which Monday’s orders become Wednesday’s deliveries. Each time a UPS or FEDEX truck comes down my street, I am reminded of Marian the Librarian’s brother Winthrop singing “The Wells Fargo Wagon” in “The Music Man”. “I hope that it has something special, just for me!”<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">It is hard for someone today to realize what home delivery meant eighty years ago. Before every family had several cars, and women had been liberated, the typical housewife had to depend upon it for most of the family’s needs. I remember my mother calling Foster’s to order groceries. She would discuss the selection of meat available that day with the butcher, “How do the pork chops look?”. Half an hour later George Cox would drive up with her order.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Several times a week Louie Dernosek, “the huckster”, would visit our neighborhood and park his produce truck in the intersection of Lafayette and Elizabeth Streets. In no time he would be negotiating with a dozen housewives eager to replenish their supply of fruits and vegetables. His trademark was tossing an orange or apple to any child who happened by.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Milk was delivered daily, very early in the morning. I remember Portman and the Bridgeville Dairy in our neighborhood; I’m sure there were others. This was before the popularity of homogenizing milk. The milk was delivered in glass bottles, with several inches of cream at the top. The bottles had cardboard discs as caps; when the bottles were left on very cold mornings, it was common to find the cap popped and an inch or two of frozen cream extruded.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">My memory of bread delivery is dominated by the Ertl Baking Company, primarily because the delivery man was so popular with all the kids. He was a small man, who had a distinctive small delivery van. Whenever he drove by, all the kids would shout, “Hi, Ertl!”. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Until we moved to Lafayette Street and acquired an electric refrigerator, Herman Colussy was another frequent visitor, delivering ice for our ice box. He, too, was popular with the kids because he was a soft touch for any child begging a piece of ice to suck on.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Less frequent visitors were repairmen. One gentleman specialized in repairing umbrellas; I believe he went door to door on foot. Another gentleman sharpened scissors and knives – I remember his having a grindstone that he operated by pumping it with his feet. I wonder if he had a car?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Our mail delivery was exceptional – twice a day! I don’t think we had the volume of junk mail that plagues us today. People corresponded regularly by writing letters – this was the principal contact we had with my mother’s family in Emporium and my father’s in Franklin County.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Newspapers – can you imagine three daily papers? The Post-Gazette came every morning; in the afternoon we had the choice of two dramatically different evening papers. The Sun-Telegraph was a Hearst publication, decidedly conservative. The Press was published by Scripps Howard and tended to be more progressive. I recall politicking my parents to switch to the “Tele” because they carried the Lone Ranger comic strip.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Actually we had better service in many areas in those days than we do today. According to the 1940 Census, over half of the families in Bridgeville were earning less than the poverty level that year. Nonetheless society was able to afford things that are too expensive for us today, when we are all wealthy.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">I am reminded of this every Tuesday evening when our high-class neighborhood is cluttered with garbage cans and piles of trash, to be collected the next day. We look like a scene from a movie filmed in an inner-city ghetto. In Bridgeville, in 1940, our garbage can was located in our back yard. The garbage collector carried it to the street, dumped it into his truck, and returned it neatly to its original location.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">The same thing might be said about “service stations”. Do you remember pulling up to a gas pump, hearing the bell ring when you drove over the rubber tubing, and being greeted by a uniformed attendant, and courteously being asked if you wanted the oil checked, after he had begun to pump gas into your tank? <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">My biggest use of our current capability is for ordering books. The vast availability of used and new books on the Internet and the limited number of local book stores makes the on-line ordering decision easy, despite my general preference for supporting local businesses. Most of the books I order arrive within two days.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">How did we purchase books in 1940? The nearest book store was a department in Kaufmann’s, downtown. “Book-of-the-Month” clubs were popular in those days; I presume there was also more conventional mail order capability. I did find an advertisement for Brentano’s Booksellers with a list of novels that could be mail ordered. It included “The Egg and I” and “Forever Amber”, among others.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">It is interesting that we have gone through this eight decades cycle. After World War II, our love affair with the automobile and suburban malls completely revolutionized our shopping methods. Today Amazon has displaced Sears, Roebuck, but in many respects we are back where we were in 1940.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>John F Oylerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04193837081231754727noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8061927294382748064.post-32200448313280279162020-08-11T17:18:00.005-07:002020-08-11T17:18:59.207-07:00The American Way of Voting: a Wild History. July 9, 2020<p> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Copyright © 2020 John F. Oyler </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> July 9, 2020<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt;">The American Way of Voting: a Wild History<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">The Bridgeville Area Historical Society celebrated the return of Allegheny County to the “green” status by returning to its regular program of live presentations this month. Appropriately the speaker was one of the Society’s favorites – Dr. Todd DePastino. His subject was also appropriate for these times – “The American Way of Voting: a Wild History”.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Because of my voluntary self-quarantine I was unable to attend the presentation in person; fortunately it was filmed and became available on the “Bridgeville.org” website two days later. I was not surprised to learn that the program was equally entertaining and educational, particularly since we are in still one more highly critical Presidential election year.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">The Constitution clearly intended that the selection of President and Vice President be determined by electors selected by the Legislatures of the various states. Each state had its own criteria for eligibility of voters to record their preferences.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">In most of them voters were restricted to adult, property-owning white males. An exception was New Jersey that allowed women to vote up until 1807. In some of the northern states free African-Americans could vote. The property-owning requirement was eventually replaced by the requirement that the voter be a tax payer.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Although the Founding Fathers didn’t anticipate the concept of political parties, by 1800 the rivalry between Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson led to the birth of the Federalist and Democratic-Republican parties, respectively. The Constitution required each elector to vote for two candidates, a reasonable approach for a concept without parties. The candidate with the most votes would be elected President; the runner-up, Vice President.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">The invention of parties demonstrated the weakness of this system.The Democratic-Republicans ran a ticket of Jefferson and Aaron Burr against a Federalist ticket of John Adams and Charles Pickney. In each case it was assumed that electors would vote by party. One of the electors from the winning party would abstain from voting, to determine which candidate was President.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">The Jefferson-Burr ticket won handily, but somehow none of the electors abstained, leaving Jefferson and Burr each with 73 electoral votes. Aaron Burr was not one to honor a “gentleman’s agreement”, so the election was thrown into the outgoing House of Representatives where the Federalists held a majority (60) of the 106 seats.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">In this election each state delegation had one vote. It is not surprising that this resulted in an eight to eight tie, nor that this continued for thirty-four more rounds. Eventually Hamilton stepped in and brokered a deal that favored what he considered the lesser of two evils – Jefferson.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">The next particularly abnormal election was in 1824. The Federalist Party had disappeared leaving the field to the Democratic-Republicans, who were splintered into four factions, leading to the nomination of four candidates for President – John Quincy Adams, Andrew Jackson, Henry Clay, and William Crawford. None of them earned a majority of the electoral votes, so it was back to the House of Representatives. This time Adams won with thirteen of the twenty-four states favoring him.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Jackson got even in 1828; his faction adopted the name Democratic while Adams’ faction called themselves National Republicans. The primary difference between a democracy and a republic is the guarantee of minority rights afforded by the republic, contrasted to the lack of same in a democracy. An interesting distinction today when an advocate of states’ rights is considered a racist.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">By 1828 most of the states had relaxed the requirement that voters be property owners. This resulted in a significant increase in the percentage of the population actually voting and facilitated Jackson’s election despite a campaign replete with defamatory attacks on his character.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">By 1840 the opposition to Jackson’s Democrats had coalesced into a party they called the Whigs, in deference to the anti-monarchists in England. They held the first ever National Convention, where William Henry Harrison was nominated to run against incumbent President Martin van Buren. For the first time Harrison actively campaigned in public.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Once again the campaign was featured with mud-slinging. Despite Harrison’s aristocratic Virginian roots, his opponents painted him as an overly old man who would like nothing better than to stay in his log cabin drinking hard cider. This strategy backfired with the voters in the West, who turned out in droves to support him.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Prior to that election the largest voter turnout had been fifty eight percent of the “voting age population”. The turnout in 1840 was an amazing 81.2 %, second only to 81.8% in 1876. The trend for high turnout continued through 1896. It then dropped to the fifty to sixty percent range that has continued until today. It must be acknowledged however that the “voting age population” includes two segments that continue to be high – non-citizens (including undocumented aliens) and convicted felons.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">The Dorr Rebellion in Rhode Island in 1841was an example of the effort to extend voting rights to a larger portion of the public. The state was still being governed by its colonial charter, which specifically limited the right to vote to property owners. By 1841 this disenfranchised sixty percent of the potential voters, primarily factory workers in the cities. Although an armed rebellion failed, the requirement was eventually removed.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">The 1876 election, with its huge turnout, ended up being one of the most controversial. Originally it was assumed that President Grant would ignore precedent and run for an unprecedented third term. When he elected instead to retire, James G. Blaine appeared to be the front-runner for the Republican nomination. At the National Convention he was unable to achieve a majority of votes on the first six nominating ballots; at that point the party bosses turned to a compromise candidate, Ohio Governor Rutherford B. Hayes.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">The Democrats nominated New York Governor Samuel J. Tilden on the second ballot. A reformer who had succeeded in breaking up the Tammany Hall political machine and sending “Big Bill” Tweed to prison, Tilden’s candidacy was extremely popular with the party. His polarizing campaign to end Reconstruction in the South certainly contributed to the large voter turnout.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Although Tilden clearly won the total popular vote, the electoral college was filled with confusion. By 1876 the Democratic Party had regained its control over all of the “Solid South” except for Florida, Louisiana, and South Carolina. In those three states the results were close enough to warrant questioning. In addition, a technicality had disqualified a Hayes elector in Oregon.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">When the Electoral College met, they were unable to declare a winner. The two houses of Congress then established an Electoral Commission, composed of five Representatives, five Senators, and five Supreme Court Justices to resolve the problem. This resulted in a compromise. Hayes was elected President and promptly removed federal troops from the South, ending Reconstruction and permitting the return of white supremacy.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">The method of voting has evolved as well. Originally voters either orally reported their preferences, or, in some cases, voted by dropping appropriately colored balls into a container. The term ballot is derived from the Italian word “ballotta”, small balls. This method was replaced by paper ballots, pre-printed by the political parties and handed out to voters to turn in. Even today the specific method of voting is determined by each individual state.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>John F Oylerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04193837081231754727noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8061927294382748064.post-72203930169471583892020-08-11T17:17:00.002-07:002020-08-11T17:17:30.606-07:00Who's Driving? July 2, 2020<p> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Copyright © 2020 John F. Oyler </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> July 2, 2020<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Who’s Driving?<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">The events of recent months have been of great interest to us amateur political scientists (a category that includes almost all of us) as “government” has been forced into taking the most active role in our lives since World War II. Who would have foreseen lockdowns, mandatory use of masks, and the general disruption to everyday life we have experienced?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">I think most of us will agree that it was necessary for someone to at least consider each of the measures have been imposed on us. The surprising thing to me is the general confusion regarding the level of government that should do this consideration and then act upon the conclusions reached.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">I watched the daily Covid 19 White House press conferences with great interest, mostly so I could understand what was happening and partly because of the entertainment value observing the confusion.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">At one point the President clearly stated that it was his responsibility to make the decision regarding putting the entire nation under quarantine and emphasized the fact that this was one of the most significant decisions he would ever make. At this point one of the journalists in the audience, citing the Tenth Amendment to the Constitution, reminded him that such a decision was the function of the individual states by default.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">The President appeared to reject this idea, but, two days later in another press conference, announced that this decision was indeed up to the governors of each of states. This abrupt turnaround surprised most observers and still is the subject of controversy.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Our current political system can be simplified as consisting of four hierarchical tiers – the federal government, the state governments, counties, and municipalities. For purpose of this discussion I have elected to combine local municipal governments and school districts into one category, although I realize jointures involve more than one municipality. Consequently, we citizens (taxpayers) find ourselves beholden to four levels of government for benefits and for taxes to pay for the benefits. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">So, who decides if I can get a haircut, or eat in a restaurant, or attend a Symphony concert, or shop in a grocery store without a mask? It turns out, much to my surprise, that it is the Governor of our state, mostly by default. There certainly isn’t anything specific that I can find in the State Constitution to justify this.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">However, for example, the State is responsible for licensing barbers, so it is easy for the Governor to control them. The same can be said for the State Liquor stores. Restaurants, beer distributors, and grocery stores also are licensed by the State Department of Agriculture. Concerts may be an exception; apparently their permits come from the local municipality.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">On March 6, 2020, Governor Wolf issued a Proclamation of Disaster Emergency, which referenced the Pennsylvania Emergency Management Services Code as justification for initiating action by the appropriate state agencies – Pennsylvania Emergency Management Agency, State Police, Department of Health, Department of Education, Department of Transportation, etc. – to respond to the emergency. The Proclamation also urged officials of all political subdivisions in the state to support this effort.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">On March 19, Governor Wolf announced that all “non-essential” businesses should be closed until further notice. This was followed by the Governor’s stay-at-home order for the entire state on April 1. Regardless of the questionable legal justification for this action, it was clear he was in charge. Despite opposition from certain counties and from the Republican-dominated State Legislature, he has maintained this role and gone a long way in establishing a precedent for power of the state.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">It is interesting to compare this result with the process followed by other major democracies in this crisis. Modern Germany is subdivided into sixteen states; their “lockdown” policy is decided at the state level, like ours. On the other hand, in Italy, subdivided into sixteen districts, the quarantine decision was made at the federal level by the Prime Minister.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">The United Kingdom is a special case. Parliament passed legislation permitting Prime Minister Boris Johnson to shut down the entire nation. However, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland have their own legislatures and currently are relaxing requirements at their own level. The final member of the United Kingdom, England, relies on Parliament to function as its legislature.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Other major democracies in which the lockdown decision was made at the federal level include France, Spain, India, and Poland. In contrast, state or district level responsibility was granted in Brazil, Mexico, and Indonesia. Sweden, South Korea, and Japan elected to avoid a formal lockdown, instead appealing to their citizens to adopt social distancing measures voluntarily.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">How did the United States get to the point where such a critical crisis would be handled at the level of the states, supplemented by federal advice and aid? The subject of states’ rights has been controversial from the earliest days of our country, finally exploding into the Civil War in 1861. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">The topic surfaced again during the Civil Rights Movement with the general consensus being that national interests were destined to prevail over local ones. It is interesting that it has made a comeback at a time when the federal government is dominated by two widely disparate political parties.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">The states’ rights concept was a natural consequence of the way our nation was formed. Imagine the difficulty of convincing tiny states like Rhode Island and Delaware to join with powerhouses like New York, Pennsylvania, and Virginia into a union that ensured them any influence at all. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">I have always been sympathetic to advocates of states’ rights, mostly because of the historical origin of the concept. However, I suspect that the handling of a crisis of the type in which we currently are involved should have been done at the federal level. The absurd example of a Pittsburgher driving to Wheeling for a haircut because West Virginia was not locked down reinforces that suspicion.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>John F Oylerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04193837081231754727noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8061927294382748064.post-57148810125420702852020-08-11T17:16:00.001-07:002020-08-11T17:16:11.298-07:00Bridgeville in 1960. June 25, 2020<p> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Copyright © 2020 John F. Oyler </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> June 25, 2020<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Bridgeville in 1960<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">This week we are going to roll back the calendar six decades by taking advantage of the Bridgeville Area Historical Society’s archive of old copies of the <i>Bridgeville News, </i>beginning with the June 30, 1960 issue.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">The <i>News</i> was an eight-page weekly paper available at newsstands for seven cents each week, or mailed to your home by subscription for three dollars a year. Ralph E. Hennon and Custer G. Papas are listed as owners and publishers.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">In many respects 1960 was a watershed year for Bridgeville in its transition from regional commercial center to suburban bedroom community. The Great Southern Shopping Center had opened four years earlier in Kirwan Heights, boasting “One hundred stores, 3,000 parking spots, and ten acres of parks and playgrounds”, providing nearly impossible competition to Bridgeville’s “Main Street” – Washington Avenue.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">It was also the last year for Bridgeville High School; in September the school kids piled on buses headed for Chartiers Valley High School, on Thoms Run Road in Collier Township. This eliminated a major cultural asset that effectively had brought all portions of the community together for sporting events, band concerts, and class plays.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Being June, the <i>News </i>was full of weddings, including several of folks we knew well. Our next-door neighbor, George Goldbach, married Edith Klancher at St. Agatha’s in a ceremony performed by George’s cousin Father Justin Der. It was Father Der’s first sacrament, a week after his ordination as a priest.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Another neighbor, Ralph Weise, Jr., married Carol Green the same weekend, at the Methodist Church. In a wedding in Hutchison, Kansas, still another neighbor, Buddy (Charles) Sims, married a young lady named Patricia Marshall. A large contingent of Buddy’s extended family drove to Kansas for the ceremony.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Of special interest to me is a column in the paper entitled “The Late 1890s – Leaves from an old Bridgeville Scrap Book”. One item reported “A. Fryer is helping to boom the town by building a large furniture store in the west end.” We know this eventually spawned the funeral business; I wonder where this store was located?<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">“Around Town”, the column reporting current local news included a number of items that warrant repeating. “Sam Lee, local laundryman, who was burned out by the March 1 fire, has reopened his place of business in the basement of the Quarture Building on Station Street beneath Blair Pharmacy”. His was only one of many businesses devastated by the fire that gutted the building block on the west side of Washington Avenue between Station Street and the bridge over the B & M branch.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">“Rev. and Mrs. Robert E. Bailey, and four sons of Dubuque, Iowa, spent last week with his parents, Mr. and Mrs. E. A. Bailey, of Elm Street”. Reverend Bailey was “Slugger” Bailey when we were kids; I had the pleasure of a having lunch with him and Mary Weise a few years ago when he came back for their high school reunion.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">“Mr. and Mrs. Maryland Copeland of 654 Bower Hill Road celebrated their 50<sup>th</sup> wedding anniversary at the home of their son, Curtis Copeland of Bluff Street, on Saturday evening”. Imagine how surprised they would be to know that Curtis’ widow, Betty, would be Bridgeville’s first female mayor, sixty years later!<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">The sports news in this issue consisted of a fairly comprehensive review of stock car racing at Heidelberg, Clinton, and South Park; and the weekly summary of games in the local Little League. Teams sponsored by the Kiwanis and by Reliable were tied for first place with four and one records, with Rotary and Legion teams trailing them. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">The advertisement for the Rankin Theater was emblematic of the decline in Bridgeville business. By then the theater was reduced to three days a week; “The Bramble Bush”, starring Richard Burton and Barbara Rush was this week’s feature. I presume the “old show”, the Strand, had been shuttered by 1960.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Another ad reported that Herman Colussy’s Garage was “now open”. Before the popularity of refrigerators, Herman Colussy and his ice truck were common sights all over Bridgeville, delivering to every household. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">There were automobile ads for Colussy Motor Company, still on Baldwin Street; E. A. Motor Company, on Station Street; Bridgeville Sales (Chrysler), on Washington Avenue; and Burgunder Motors, at the “Y”, in South Fayette. Each company highlighted used cars as well as new ones. A 1959 Plymouth Savoy V8 could be yours for $1695.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Other bargains included three pounds of ground beef for $1.15 at Ben’s Meats, 608 Washington Avenue; a three-bedroom ranch home for $19,000, from the Silhol Agency; men’s short sleeved sport shirts for $1.88, at Saperstein’s; or new broadloom carpeting at $5.88 per square yard, from Rusmur Floors. To put these prices in perspective, the U. S Bureau of Labor Statistics equates one dollar in 1960 to $8.66 today.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Andy and Sophie Yurkas invited customers to the new, air conditioned Royal Restaurant at 447 Washington Avenue, 6:00 am till midnight, with “all the tasty specialties served right…at modest prices”.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Fed Donelli ran an ad announcing that he was an agent for the State Farm Insurance Company, specializing in automobile insurance. He and his wife, (the former) Pat Winnechuke, were fellow members of our proud BHS Class of 1949.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Classified ads are always fun to read; where else can you get twenty words in a newspaper for sixty cents? For sale: Remodeled older seven room house for $10,900; Modern Kenmore gas stove, $85 (reduced from $245); and 1941 Chevrolet two door sedan (best offer). Wanted: Spoiled bailed hay; Dishwasher – inquire Weise’s, 528 Washington avenue; and “Ladies full or part time, evening work, car necessary”.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Those were indeed nostalgic times. Our country was enjoying the relative peace of the Eisenhower years. It would be another three years till Bob Dylan would write “The times, they are a-changing”, the anthem of the turbulent 1960s. Change was ahead for all us; the community of Bridgeville was not an exception.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p>John F Oylerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04193837081231754727noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8061927294382748064.post-71122799730613888242020-08-11T17:12:00.005-07:002020-08-11T17:12:59.127-07:00Venturing Out Into the Brave New (Green) World. June 18, 2020<p> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 14pt;">Copyright © 2020 John F. Oyler </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> June 18, 2020<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Venturing Out Into the Brave New (Green) World<o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">I have been self-isolated for eleven weeks, probably over-reacting to the Covis 19 pandemic. My children are over protective and keenly aware of my fragility. And I must agree that the fact that about one fourth of the octogenarians who have been infected have died. Consequently I have stayed close to home all this time.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">I am writing this on June 6, which is the second day Allegheny County has been promoted from “yellow” to “green” in the gradual transition back to something closer to normal. Two weeks ago my daughter Elizabeth, who has carried the brunt of supplying me with groceries, allowed me to run with her when she took my car to the gas station for a fill-up.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">The following week I gathered my courage and drove my car around a very long block in our neighborhood. I must admit I was a little apprehensive and was happy to get back home safely. Since then we have had a trip to the local garden center to purchase flowers which we then planted in the cemetery at my wife’s headstone. Two days later I returned alone to the cemetery to water the plants, building up my confidence.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Much more ambitious was the decision to drive to Elizabeth’s home in Sewickley Heights for a socially distanced dinner outside on their deck. This is a trip I have made in the past at least once a week; this time it loomed as a major excursion. I was extremely curious about seeing how things had changed during my absence from driving.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">To my usual check list I added my mask, just in case I ran into trouble during the drive. Cautiously I eased my way out of our neighborhood and onto the network of main streets in our community. Despite it being a lovely weekend afternoon the number of people on the street was surprisingly low. Also surprising was the absence of masks.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">I carefully checked the prices at the gas stations I passed and confirmed that the price of gasoline had indeed dropped, in response to the major decrease in driving during the red and yellow phases of our “lockdown”. It didn’t really seem to me that the traffic was much lighter than usual, but I decided to reserve judgment on that until I reached the Sewickley Bridge, a consistent bottleneck in normal times.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">For many years there has been a sign at the Carnegie entry onto the Parkway West reporting that a specific family, whose name I have forgotten, was taking care of litter at the interchange, in memory of their matriarch. I have missed the disappearance of the sign, but it certainly is obvious that no one is picking up trash there these days.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Onto the Parkway and immediately it is obvious that I am driving much too slowly to suit the other drivers. I realized this when a car zipped in front of me as I entered the one lane ramp onto I-79. I resolved to change my ways and speed up a little.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">At about this time I decided that I should turn on the air conditioning in the car, for the first time this year. I seldom use it, preferring to drive with the windows open. However it had been important to my wife – she actually forced me to junk one of cars when its air conditioning failed.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">I rolled up the windows, turned on the fan, adjusted both dials from red (hot) to blue (cold), and waited for the air on my face to get cool. When nothing happened I began to mentally diagnose the problem. Maybe the coolant level has gone done significantly in the months the car hasn’t been run – better ask Mike to check it when I get to Beth’s house.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Suddenly I had a déjà vu moment; didn’t I go through this same experience last Spring? Hadn’t I failed to push the air conditioning dial in till the light came on? The answer, of course, was that this was one more symptom of rampant Alzheimer’s. Ah well, better than ever.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">The large S curve at the bottom of the hill where I-79 approaches the Ohio River is one of my favorites spots, particularly once the trees are in bloom. In this stretch the northbound and southbound lanes are at different elevations and quite a distance apart. The row of trees in this separation space is quite a distance from the trees beyond the opposite lane.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Add to this the fact that the sharp curves create the impression that the two rows of trees appear to be moving relative to each other, and one is immediately struck by the phenomenon of depth perception. Invariably I temporarily close one eye, to confirm the wonder of stereoscopy. If only I could find a way to replicate it in my landscape sketches!<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">In 2001 the State passed legislation naming the I-79 bridge across the Ohio River as the “Pittsburgh Naval and Shipbuilders Memorial Bridge, recognizing the contribution by the Dravo shipyard on Neville Island and the American Bridge facility in Ambridge during World War II. I immediately initiated a campaign to start calling it the “Shipbuilders Bridge”, a campaign that has failed.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">For years there has been a sign on the south side of the river recording this designation; last summer it disappeared. I had hoped something had happened in the months since I drove through here, but it still is among the missing. Guess I must begin a campaign to investigate its absence.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">I am preparing this column on the seventy-sixth anniversary of D-Day. One of the key components in that invasion was the LST, officially “Landing Ship, Tank”. One hundred and forty-four LSTs participated in D-Day; the actually date of the invasion was determined partially by the Allies’ ability to assemble that many LSTs.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Over one thousand LSTs were manufactured during World War II. Dravo’s shipyard was the lead yard for the program, producing LSTs number 1 through 150. This is a heritage that deserves to be remembered.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Across the Shipbuilders’ Bridge and off its ramp onto Ohio River Boulevard. The traffic still seemed to be nearly normal, but once I reached the Sewickley Bridge I realized that wasn’t the case. Usually there are several dozen cars backed up there, waiting to cross the bridge. Not so this time, and the same was true on my return trip later that evening.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;"><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Past Quaker Village shopping center where there were fewer cars than normal in the parking lot, up Ferry to Beaver, then finally onto Camp Meeting Road and its hairpin turns, and into Beth’s driveway. I am relieved that I have managed to navigate my way through this new environment and that it really hasn’t changed that much.<o:p></o:p></span></p>John F Oylerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04193837081231754727noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8061927294382748064.post-30464143837750649352020-06-04T17:20:00.003-07:002020-06-04T17:20:57.337-07:00The Mystery of the Missing Canine. June 11, 2020<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Copyright © 2020 John F. Oyler <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;"> June 11, 2020<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 14pt;">The Mystery of the Missing Canine<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">For a number of years, a statue of a dog has been a landmark in our woods. It was about thirty inches high, portraying a Golden Retriever obediently sitting back on its haunches (hunkered down?). No one seems to know how it got there, although some of the older eccentrics in the neighborhood apparently have fabricated unlikely scenarios.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">My favorite is the story that a farmer living in the century old house across the road at the west end of the woods was having a problem with a dog that simply wouldn’t obey. One day the dog ran off and refused to come home. When his owner finally located him, he threatened him, “If you don’t come to me this very minute, I will turn you into stone”. The dog didn’t, and the farmer did, and since then we have enjoyed the statue.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Another theory is that the dog really is a troll-like creature that comes to life at midnight and wanders around all night, returning to its home base before dawn, at which time it reverts back to being stone. This fantasy is supported by the fact that, although he is always at the same place, sometimes he is facing a different direction than he was the previous evening.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">At some point we learned that his name is Winston; perhaps someone thought he looked like Churchill. At any rate, checking him out regularly was a necessary stop on every hike through the woods, taking special note of which direction he was facing.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Early in December we were shocked to see that he had disappeared. Despite the fact that he weighs several hundred pounds, there was no evidence of his being dragged, no sign of any disturbance whatsoever. That evening I posted a query on “Next Door Neighborhoods”, inquiring if anyone knew what had happened to him.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">A day or so later a gentleman named David Kammenzind replied, “What did he look like?” Regrettably, I failed to respond. Since then there have been occasional posts on the “Next Door Neighborhoods” website, mostly folks lamenting his disappearance. Recently, however, I noted one from Mr. Kammenzind, the first respondent.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">This time I contacted him, and learned that a dog statue had indeed been deposited on his front porch, that he called the police, and that had been taken away. He even produced a photo that clearly identified it as our missing Winston.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">I immediately emailed the local police department, prompting phone call confirming that the statue was in their possession. The next morning I was contacted by Officer O’Brien and arranged to meet him at the parking area at the edge of the woods. Sure enough, he and Officer Harbison (?) showed up with Winston and a dolly, and promptly returned him to his rightful place.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Winston’s return has been celebrated by all the folks who regularly walk in the woods. He is no worse for wear after his six months in (protective) police custody.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">We are grateful to the police department for their care of him and the prompt way they brought him home, once they knew where home was.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Conventional wisdom is that someone removed him as a prank, transported him half a mile across town, and dropped him off on Mr. Kammenzind’s porch. That appears to a reasonable explanation and allows the police to close this case. Except, how in the world could anyone pick up that heavy statue and haul it to a car without leaving a trace?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Is it possible that there is something mystical involved here? After all, these woods are well known to be enchanted and to contain any number of phenomena that border on the supernatural, including one that is within a couple of hundred yards from Winston’s stamping ground.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">That, of course, is the popular pavilion, or picnic shelter, that the township constructed thirty-five years ago. By the strangest of coincidences, it is oriented such that its main axis and ridgepole line up perfectly with the point where the sun hits the horizon when it sets on the date of the winter solstice.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">This is something one would suspect of an ancient Native American structure or even a Druid one. Is it really a coincidence that the township engineer oriented the pavilion in that precise direction? Or is it built on the foundations of some archaic sun-worshiping culture?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">And then there is the mystical “brick garden”, which I have described in previous columns. Each Spring a new crop of collectible paving bricks magically surfaces – six or seven “Bessemer Youngstown”, three or four “C. P. Mayer”, and an occasional “Porter National”. The garden is deep in a thicket, high on a hillside, with no apparent access by any road or lane. Again, by coincidence, the closest residence to the garden is the home of the only card-carrying member of the International Brick Collectors Association in Allegheny County.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">A few weeks ago we wrote about the mystical re-appearance of the rare trillium recurvatum after an absence of three or four years and wistfully suggested that this coincidence was a hopeful sign from the “Great Spirit” that there are better days ahead for those of us self-isolated and hunkered down because of the Covid 19 pandemic.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">The engineer/amateur scientist in me realizes that there is a logical, rational explanation for each and every one of these mystical phenomena. Surely two strong young men picked up Winston and tiptoed to their truck to abduct. Surely it is a coincidence that the pavilion is oriented like an element in Stonehenge. Surely a truck dumped a load of bricks at a site coincidentally near the home of a passionate brick collector. Surely climate change interfered with the life cycle of the trillium recurvatum.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Nonetheless …..<o:p></o:p></span></div>
John F Oylerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04193837081231754727noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8061927294382748064.post-46079659109578110072020-06-04T17:19:00.002-07:002020-06-04T17:19:35.351-07:00Ian's Commencement Address. June 4, 2020<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Copyright © 2020 John F. Oyler<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">June 4, 2020<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Ian’s Commencement Address<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<i><span style="font-size: 14pt;">My grandson, Ian Aleistair McCance, is about to graduate from Rocky Mountain High School in Fort Collins, Colorado, in a ceremony severely limited in attendees. His mother has elected to supplement this with a teleconference including all of his extended family. I was asked to provide the Commencement Address for this family celebration. What follows is an approximate version of that address.<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Good afternoon, Ian, and to your extended family as well. I am honored to have been asked to give this Commencement Address. This is an appropriate assignment for me, as I am the oldest, and consequently the wisest member of this family.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Wisdom is the synergistic result of experience, analyzed with judgment, and stored in one’s memory. My long lifetime has produced many experiences. The good judgment with which I have been blessed has provided me with a treasure trove of relevant, significant memories. And, so far, my memory has not deserted me.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Wisdom is of no value unless it is passed on to others. Events like Commencement exercises provide an excellent vehicle for such passage. I am pleased to have this opportunity to pass on a few bits of wisdom to you.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Don’t be afraid to enjoy life. Our lives are filled with wonderful experiences. Nature gives us sunsets; and waterfalls; and clear, calm winter mornings when a snowfall has transformed the woods into a miraculous fairyland. The arts provide many more – a trumpet playing “Ain’t Misbehaving” at my retirement banquet, a first opportunity to read “Lord of the Rings”, and Lazar Wolf negotiating with Tevye for the hand of Tzeitel. If only your Grandmother Oyler could have seen Lazar Wolf and Colonel Mustard and gimpy old Sir Francis Chesney!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Which brings us to your family and your friends. Enjoy the time you have with them; work hard to prevent your other responsibilities and obligations from interfering with it. Don’t postpone opportunities to enjoy quality time with them till “Some Other Time”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Secondly, don’t be afraid to take a chance. Exploit your potential. We are all capable of much greater things than we realize. Frequently we will fail, but that makes our achievements all the more enjoyable. Follow Robert Frost’s example:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Two roads diverged in a wood, and I --<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">I took the one less travelled by<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">And that has made all the difference.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Consider “The Road Less Travelled” when you encounter a fork in this unpredictable road you are travelling.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">And, finally, exercise your mind. Some people think it is our most under-utilized organ. In today’s environment our easy access to information often permits us to look up solutions to problems rather than thinking them through ourselves. This may well inhibit creative thinking and ultimately retard progress.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Most of the advances our society has made have been orchestrated by a small number of independent thinkers, open minded individuals eager to explore all alternatives. You have a mind with remarkable potential – nurture it!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Just as I am the eldest member of my generation, you are the eldest of yours. You are the flag bearer, the role model, for Rachael, and Nora, and Claire, and Ciona, and Lai An. Each of them is looking to you for guidance on how they navigate their own personal journeys.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">An interesting theory in social science suggests a symbiotic relationship between the successive generations and the evolution of history. It postulates that society evolves through a repetitive cycle of phases -- crisis, rebuilding, questioning, and unraveling -- lasting eighty or ninety years. The experiences of each generation during its formative years molds its character and the character of each generation in its adult years molds the society it dominates.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">In my lifetime this theory is exemplified by the crisis of the Great Depression and World War II, the burden of which was carried by the “Greatest Generation”. My generation came next. Known as the “Silent Generation”, we were so grateful for having survived hard times that it was easy for us to focus on rebuilding. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">We were followed by the Boomers, a spoiled generation that was so bored with life that they preferred to question our values. Then came Generation X, the disrupters, and tribal conflicts throughout the world. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">And now we are starting all over again, in the midst of an international crisis. Your generation will have the challenge of putting Humpty Dumpty back together again, when this crisis ends. You will be the builders, re-connectors, and assemblers who reconstruct the world order in a positive fashion that will produce a new Golden Era. We have confidence in you!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">It is always difficult to end a talk properly. To aid me in this challenge I elected to convene an imaginary virtual teleconference of the patriarchs of the eight families from which you descend – your eight great-great-grandfathers. They represent four similar, but independently different ethnicities.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Your Irish blood is represented by the McGoverns and the Cassidys; your Scotch heritage by the McCances. Your English forbears are the Powells and the Spring family. And finally, this intermingling of strains from the British Isles combines with three Pennsylvania Dutch families, the Oylers, the Kleeses, and the Flecks, each transplanted from Germany four generations earlier.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">My posing the question of a proper conclusion to your Commencement Address initiated a heated debate, as might be expected from such a collection of diverse backgrounds. Eventually, however, they elected to focus on the fact that you are beginning a long journey through life, and that the traditional Celtic Blessing would be appropriate.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Great-great-Grandpa Cassidy was selected to deliver it:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Sure, and may the road rise up to meet ye,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;"> May the wind be ever at thy back,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;"> May the sun shine brightly on thy forehead,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;"> And the gentle rain refresh thy fields.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;"> Until we meet again, lad,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;"> May the good Lord shelter thee in the palm of His hand.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">This was followed by a chorus of Amens, confirming unanimous agreement.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">To which I add, “Amen”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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John F Oylerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04193837081231754727noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8061927294382748064.post-23747892343502189192020-06-04T17:18:00.000-07:002020-06-04T17:18:07.637-07:00The "Spanish" Flu in Bridgeville May 28, 2020<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Copyright © 2020 John F. Oyler<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">May 28, 2020<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 14pt;">The “Spanish” Flu in Bridgeville<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Our current pandemic has frequently been compared and contrasted with the massive flu epidemic in 1918 and 1919. We got to wondering just how serious it was in Bridgeville. The result of our research has been that it was indeed serious.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">For perspective we should consider overall statistics. Worldwide the epidemic lasted from Spring 1918 through early summer 1919. In 1919 the population of the whole world was about 1,600,000,000 persons (one-fifth of what it is today!). About five hundred million people were infected; total deaths were estimated at fifty million, might have been twice as high. A fifty million total produces a mortality rate slightly over 3.0 percent.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">The population of the United States was one hundred and three million; about three million people were infected. Total fatalities were between five hundred thousand and eight hundred and fifty thousand. The lower total produces a mortality rate of about 0.5%, well below the global value. Incidentally, 1918 is the only year since 1900 that the nation’s population actually decreased.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">The population of Pittsburgh was about five hundred and seventy-five thousand. Its first cases of the flu were reported on October 2, 1918 – two army cadets being trained on the University of Pittsburgh campus. The epidemic ran through mid-April; total deaths were about four thousand six hundred. The resulting mortality rate of 0.8% was the highest of any major city in the country.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">A rigorous search of contemporary newspapers turned up a few vague references to Bridgeville and one that appeared to be specific. An article in the December 8, 1918, Pittsburgh Daily Post, discussing bans closing schools, churches, theatres, and other public places in the communities of Avalon, Bellevue, Ben Avon, and Emsworth reported they were being renewed and extended until December 18.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Almost as an afterthought, the article also reported “A similar ban has been placed on Bridgeville. At Bridgeville the health officer reports that there were 100 serious cases, that brought the ban on one-half-day’s notice.” This suggests that Bridgeville may well have been one of the major hot spots in Allegheny County, outside of the city.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">This suggestion is reinforced by information from the family history of the Fryer family, as reported in “Bridging the Years”, Volume III, the commemorative yearbook published by the Bridgeville Community Association as part of Bridgeville’s Centennial celebration in 2001.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">According to this history, the Amos Fryer Funeral Parlor “buried over 121 citizens during the National Tragedy of the Influenza Epidemic from our community.” Ironically this total included the Funeral Director, Samuel Blake Fryer, Sr., buried on October 26,1918, and his infant son, Paul, five days earlier. Mr. Fryer had recently inherited the business from his father, Amos, who died on May 8, 1918. These were certainly difficult times for the Fryer family.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Amos Fryer, born in 1847, was the grandson of Leonard and Eleanor Fryer. They came to western Pennsylvania in the late 1700s, originally settling on Miller’s Run. Their seventh son, Samuel, was Amos’ father. He built a grist mill on McLaughlin Run, close to today’s intersection of McLaughlin Run Road and Baldwin Street. Amos inherited his father’s entrepreneurial bent, establishing Bridgeville’s first lumber yard. In 1875 he sold the lumber yard and opened a furniture store, with undertaking as a sideline. This ultimately led to the success of the Fryer Funeral business.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">In 1918 Bridgeville’s population was about 3,000. In 1920, after the epidemic had faded into a memory, the nation suffered 13.0 deaths from all causes, per 1,000 residents. Based on this, we assume there would have normally been about forty deaths in a typical year in Bridgeville.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Any analysis of this type must consider the fact that there were additional funeral parlors in Bridgeville at this time. “Squire” William Russell’s undertaking business was started in 1904 and was near its peak in 1918; there may have been others. Apparently the Russell family, like the Fryers, suffered an ironic death, The “Bridgeville” column in Canonsburg’s December 21, 1918 “Daily Notes” reports “Mrs. Will Russell is among the late flu victims”. She probably was Squire Russell’s wife.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Another relevant factor is the fact that Bridgeville funeral parlors served a wider area than just the Borough itself – Miller’s Run in South Fayette, Thom’s Run in Collier Township, Beadling in Upper St. Clair, etc. If we add another 7,000 persons in these communities, the total deaths in a normal year for “Greater Bridgeville” would have been one hundred and thirty. Assuming the Fryer Funeral Parlor handled half of them, their annual load would be sixty-five, well below the “121 citizens” reported for the seven months the epidemic raged.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">It is easy to speculate that the mortality rate passing through this one funeral home during the epidemic was several times the normal rate. This speculation is reinforced by statistics from Pittsburgh at the time, where the rate of documented flu deaths was almost identically equal to the rate of deaths from all other causes. If Bridgeville was indeed a hot spot, its rate would have been higher than the average for Pittsburgh.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">The effects on Bridgeville residents of this scourge were not limited to local deaths. The March 10, 1919 “Daily Notes” reports that Bridgeville’s T. A. Warrensford family had been notified of the death of their son Lloyd, of pneumonia, in a hospital in France, on February 17, 1919.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">His story is well chronicled in my brother’s book “Almost Forgotten”. He is one of four local men who lost their lives in World War I while serving in the 319<sup>th</sup> Infantry. It is well documented that more servicemen in that war died from the flu than were killed in action.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">It certainly does appear that the Spanish Flu Epidemic in Bridgeville was a much more significant event than we had realized and that the number of deaths it produced was at least twice as many as those from all other causes in that period.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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John F Oylerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04193837081231754727noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8061927294382748064.post-10271838004792761792020-06-04T17:16:00.002-07:002020-06-04T17:16:44.536-07:00Teleconferencing. May 21, 2020<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Copyright © 2020 John F. Oyler<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">May 21, 2020<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Teleconferencing<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">We are now into the ninth week of quarantine and running out of ways to look at it positively. We have sipped our “half-full glass” very slowly and are eagerly looking forward to its being refilled soon. This week’s positive observation is a sincere one – the technology of teleconferencing has worked well.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Our experience with the seven Senior Design final presentations certainly was positive, albeit a poor substitute for our normal in-person colloquium. So far I have successfully hosted two virtual meetings of our elderly gentlemen’s Book Review Club and have another scheduled later this month.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Son John has participated in two large “biotech” panel discussions as well as numerous company meetings via teleconference, all from his home office. Elizabeth successfully finished her semester teaching two courses on-line, all the while lamenting the absence of face-to-face contact with her students.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">My grand-daughter Rachael had a very special teleconference experience. The members of the Three Rivers Young People’s Orchestra were treated to a virtual discussion with Itzhak Perlman. What a thrill for an aspiring young violinist! The orchestra has another virtual meeting scheduled, this one with Maestro Manfred Honeck, from his sequestered home in Austria.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Each of these examples is positive, although none of them match the effectiveness of in-person meetings. I have, however, recently encountered several examples where the teleconference is an improvement over its predecessor.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">For a number of years, it has been possible to view filmed records of the Bridgeville Borough Council meetings as well as those of the Bridgeville Planning Commission, thanks to “Bridgeville.org”. These were often interesting, although difficult to follow. It was frequently hard to decipher what was being said.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">The current situation has forced both of these bodies to meet remotely; the recordings of their meetings are an order of magnitude easier to follow than were the films of previous meetings. In addition, the fact that the participants are in different locations has forced them to be quite explicit, making it much easier for viewers to understand what is happening.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">The April Council meeting came first; its recording was a pleasant surprise although most of the business transacted in that meeting tended toward the trivial. One obvious thing missing was the absence of any comment from visitors, although the moderator clearly provided an opportunity for them to be heard.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">This absence points out an apparent weakness of this process. Normally these meetings provide an opportunity for private citizens to communicate their grievances and compliments to the Council in person. Unfortunately, the several perennial watch-dogs whom we know are latter day Luddites, unable to participate in these remote sessions.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Actually, Luddite is not the appropriate term for these folks. The original Luddites were a secret organization dedicated to the destruction of “modern” machinery that was perceived as a threat to skilled artisans in the textile industry. The term has evolved into a connotation referring to anyone opposed to technological progress.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Folks who are unable or unwilling to acquire the necessary capability to participate in today’s internet culture are in danger of being disenfranchised. This is indeed unfortunate, as their dissenting opinions need to be heard, to ensure rational decisions are made by these bodies.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">This appears to be particularly relevant to the Planning Commission. The recording of their on-line meeting in April was impressive, especially because the format required displaying the documents they were discussing in a fashion that made them readily available to viewers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">The Planning Commission consists of seven well-meaning citizens. It has no authority; its primary responsibility is to make recommendations to Borough Council, based on their perception of what is best for the community.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">This particular meeting began with the Chairman reporting their intention to discuss ten basic community issues remaining from a list of nineteen that had been articulated in the 2004 Bridgeville Comprehensive Plan. At this point a decision matrix was presented and each member asked to evaluate “community value” and “cost” on a scale of one to ten for each issue. The results of this evaluation will enable the Commission to prioritize the issues, for the May meeting.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">They then proceeded to discuss five specific issues – Traffic Study, Conformance and Code Enforcement, Trail Connectivity, Baldwin Street, and Parking Issues – with a different member of the Commission coordinating the discussion on a particular issue. The discussions were constructive; several of them highlighted the importance of input from the community.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">As an outsider, my input is irrelevant. Nonetheless I was surprised at the focus of several of the issues. For years I have heard people complaining about the traffic congestion in Bridgeville, particularly approaching the South End bridge. Based upon what I heard and read on the “Traffic Study” document, it appears the community views speeding, especially on Bank Street, as the critical traffic issue. On reflection, I realized that my contacts were fellow outsiders, complaining about their difficulty getting to and from I-79.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">“Baldwin Street”, of course, was of particular interest to me. Several years ago one of our Senior Design teams studied flooding in McLaughlin Run, and we became aware of the proposal that Bower Hill Road and all the properties on the north side of Baldwin Street be abandoned. It will be interesting to follow this discussion; fortunately the Commission now includes a highly competent engineer. I was surprised the abandoned mine pollution in McLaughlin Run is not considered a relevant issue.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">The “Trail Connectivity” issue generated a suggestion that Bank Street be extended to Washington Avenue, via a railroad grade crossing, to improve access to the Library. I still prefer the solution our Senior Design students recommended – a pedestrian bridge leading to James Street.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">All told, I was well impressed with the meeting and the business-like way the Commission is addressing the future planning process. I do hope they will continue to solicit community input. At least for most folks this format could well be a modern version of the old-fashioned town meetings.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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John F Oylerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04193837081231754727noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8061927294382748064.post-62292783996160695012020-05-07T18:07:00.001-07:002020-05-07T18:07:13.912-07:00May Day, 1955. May 14, 2020<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Copyright © 2020 John F. Oyler<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">May 14, 2020<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 14pt;">May Day, 1955<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">“On the first of May, it is moving day” is the beginning of the verse for Rodgers and Hart’s wonderful standard, “Mountain Greenery”. It typifies our general perception of May Day as a happy time, an opportunity to proceed to positive things. In the song a young couple is leaving the city for the joys of rural life, anticipating Eddie Albert and Eva Gabor in “Green Acres”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">This all changed with the onset of the Cold War with the worldwide Communist expansion following World War II. By 1955 the Iron Curtain had split Europe down the middle, and Communist sympathy was growing in France and Italy. The People’s Republic of China was firmly in control in Beijing and flexing its muscles in French Indo-China and threatening Taiwan. Fidel Castro was in exile in Mexico, anticipating his future takeover of Cuba.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">May Day, 1955, found me in the 29<sup>th</sup> Engineer Battalion, Base Topographic, in Oji, a neighborhood in northern Tokyo. I had just celebrated the first anniversary of my arrival in Japan; my countdown to freedom, on September 10, was 131 days.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Our battalion was responsible for providing mapping support for all of our military units in the Far East as well as for our allies. A major program supporting the French in their effort to quell the rebellion in French Indo-China had come to an abrupt halt the previous year when it failed. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">In addition to this “day” job we also had to spend time on our primary reason for being there, defending democracy against its enemies. This included getting up at 5:30 each morning for roll call, calisthenics, and military drill; spending one weekend a month on maneuvers; and miscellaneous soldierly duties like guard duty.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">When I reported for guard duty that particular morning, the fact that it was May Day didn’t register on me at all. Guard duty consisted of two hours on, followed by four off, manning a guard shack at one of the gates. I was assigned “second trick”, beginning at 10:00 am.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">This put me on duty during a very slow time, with very few persons passing through the gate. I shared the shack with a Japanese national security guard whose primary function was to communicate to non-English speaking visitors. After my two-hour shift was over, I ate lunch, then stretched out on a bunk in the Guard House. A few minutes before 4:00 I got up and prepared to go on duty.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Changing the guard required the Officer of the Day to march us to our respective gates and pick up the guards going off-duty. When I reached the guard shack I noticed a small group of people milling around outside the gate. When I looked puzzled, my Japanese compatriot suddenly broke into English, “May Day”. Sure enough, some of them were waving red handkerchiefs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">For the next few minutes the mob grew slowly, but not enough to really worry me. At 5:00, when our Japanese workers left to come home, things began to get a little dicey. The crowd began to become much more active, shouting, stamping their feet, and waving their red flags.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">I began to worry about the safety of our employees. Eventually I spotted Mr. Kono, whom i later noted we had categorized as “mild-mannered”. I was quite concerned about his ability to navigate his way through the mob.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Mild, courteous Mr. Kono was always immaculately dressed. I was surprised to see him pull off his necktie and jam it into his jacket pocket. By the time he had passed through the gate he had pulled out a red handkerchief and was waving it. His mien had changed from polite obedience to aggressive antagonism. Suddenly he looked exactly like the caricature of the evil enemy we faced in the Pacific ten years earlier.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">I watched him merge into the mob and become indistinguishable from the rest of them. At this point I realized that my Japanese security guard had somehow disappeared. I was all alone, defending democracy against the Red Horde. I had my rifle but, like Barney Fife, I had no bullets. I did have a bayonet, but had been brainwashed to do nothing rash without being commanded. If only some sergeant had been there to shout, “Fix Bayonets”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Panicked, I telephoned the Guard House and notified the Officer of the Day that I needed reinforcement. “Not to worry”, he replied. “I have called out the First Provisional Infantry Platoon”. In addition to being organized by our day job assignments, we also were organized into military fighting units. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Soon I saw the impressive sight of the platoon, led by Second Lieutenant Reynolds and Sergeant McCartney marching toward me. Thank Heavens there were some real soldiers in our battalion! Suddenly the Lieutenant stopped and gave the command, “Deploy as Skirmishers”. Soon there were three eight-man squads spread out across the parade ground. Especially impressive were the three Browning Automatic Rifles with their distinctive inverted-vee supports, aimed right at the mob.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Unimpressive, to me, was the fact that they were deployed about fifty yards behind me. I was, indeed, in “no-man’s-land”, poised to be the first American casualty in World War III. I felt like the hero in a Jerry Lewis movie. What would Jerry do? Probably scream and run for safety. I was too disciplined for that. Eventually things began to die down; nonetheless, I was quite happy to see Darrell Renzelman show up at 6:00 and relieve me.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">In retrospect I remember this as a humorous incident; I didn’t think it was funny at the time. Farris Farha thought I should be considered for at least a Bronze Star in recognition of my bravery. I suspect my friends and neighbors back home who were responsible for my being there would have been a little uneasy had they known I was the Dutch Boy with his finger in the dike holding back the spread of international Communism.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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John F Oylerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04193837081231754727noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8061927294382748064.post-57822105234782654642020-05-07T18:06:00.000-07:002020-05-07T18:06:00.579-07:00The Trillium Recurvatum. May 7, 2020<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Copyright © 2020 John F. Oyler<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">May 7, 2020<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 14pt;">The Trillium Recurvatum<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">When my children were small we enjoyed participating in the YMCA parent-child programs, Indian Guides and Indian Princesses. I particularly enjoyed “playing Indian” and soon found my niche as story teller. Most of the traditional Indian stories for children were of the “Why the ….” Genre, such as “Why the chipmunk’s back is striped”, etc.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Typically in these stories some animal performs some beneficial action which is rewarded by the Great Spirit by being awarded some admirable feature or characteristic. Once my daughter Elizabeth and I got into the routine of telling such tales, we began to write our own.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">The great Spirit rewarded the deer for alerting a peaceful tribe of Indians of the approach of an enemy by being granted a flag (its white tail) that it displays vividly each time it runs away. The redbird (cardinal) was awarded its distinctive crown in recognition of its helping a group of thirsty Indians find a spring of fresh water.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Our pride and joy was the story of the trillium. One spring we found a meadow full of trilliums (or is it trillia, or simply trillium?) while on a short hike at the Y camp at Deer Valley. The trillium is a distinctive spring flower, displaying three leaves, three sepals, and three petals in a very attractive arrangement. The common variety in this area is trillium grandiflorum.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Technically the three leaves aren’t leaves at all; their proper designation is bract. The bract is a leaf-like component which is associated with the reproductive function of the plant, rather than its vegetative function. It still looks like a leaf to me.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">The typical common trillium has a sturdy stalk perhaps six inches long on which are symmetrically arranged three large green bracts. From the center of the bracts a stem several inches long then supports three attractive petals (white in this case), with three small leaf-like green sepals, spaced between the petals.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">The combination of three bracts, three sepals, and three petals suggested a story that practically composed itself. It seems there were three Indian boys who were best friends. Each boy had a loyal dog, and each dog had a flea. One day the three boys disobeyed their parents and went wandering in the forest, accompanied by the three faithful dogs and their three fleas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Sure enough a thunderstorm, a lightning strike, and the resulting forest fire trapped the wanderers, leading to their sad demise. When the Great Spirit learned of this tragedy He (She?) created the trillium in their memory. Consequently today whenever we encounter a trillium with its three petals, three sepals, and three bracts, we are reminded of the three Indian boys, their three dogs, and their three fleas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Being a parent with young children at the time the story was composed, it seemed appropriate for it to be a gentle sermon on children listening to their parents. In retrospect I wonder if it would have been better if the creation of the trillium had been a reward for some positive action instead. Perhaps the three triplets gave their lives to save a larger group of their tribe.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Once we had learned about the trillium it was a real treat to find several colonies of them in the woods in our neighborhood. There is a portion of a south-facing hill, about fifty yards long, in which there are several dozen clumps of trillium that bloom in mid-April every year, an event that we anticipate eage.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">About ten years ago, in the midst of one of the clumps we were surprised to see an interloper, potentially an undocumented alien! It was definitely a trillium, but one with significantly different characteristics. Instead of being solid green, the bracts were mottled with two contrasting shades. The petals grew right out of the bracts, without a separate stem. And they were maroon-colored, and curled inward rather than outward.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">After considerable research I concluded that we were favored with a rare (for this area) variety, trillium sessile. It turns out that the term sessile refers to the absence of the stem between the bracts and petals. Several years later I learned that were other varieties with this characteristic and ours that probably was a trillium recurvatum, distinctive for the curling-in of its petals.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">We followed this straggler for a number of years until a large tree fell right where the recurvatum usually showed up each April. Since then we have been able to find it. This Spring I found a note in my mailbox, informing me that the trillium were blooming but that she could not find “the maroon one”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Being an octogenarian I am automatically “at risk”, and consequentially have been quarantined to my house and neighborhood, depending upon my daughter to do my grocery shopping for me. On the days she brings my groceries, she and I enjoy walking in our woods.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">On such a walk two weeks ago we decided to make one final effort to locate the straggler. Elizabeth very quickly announced that she had found it. Sure enough, hidden behind a branch of a downed tree, is a small colony of our beloved recurvatum. I can’t imagine its having been there in previous years, although that is certainly possible.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">I prefer, instead, to believe that the Great Spirit is aware of our current travails and that He/She has led us to this colony and provided us with a sign that better days are ahead. If indeed this undocumented alien has found a way to come back after all this time, surely we can survive today’s problems.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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John F Oylerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04193837081231754727noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8061927294382748064.post-8062173943141992282020-05-07T18:03:00.002-07:002020-05-07T18:03:53.781-07:00Senior Design Projects April 30, 2020<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Copyright © 2020 John F. Oyler </span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">April 30, 2020</span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Senior Design Projects</span></b><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">This past week has been particularly busy for me. Despite losing a full week of school and being forced to function remotely, the graduating Seniors in the Civil and Environmental Engineering Department at Pitt were required to complete all their final assignments this week and take their final exams next week.</span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">The most significant of these challenges is the completion of their Senior Design Projects. In their final semester our students are required to participate in a significant “near-real-world” team design project. Before my retirement it was my responsibility to coordinate this program. This term I volunteered to mentor one team; I greatly enjoyed my involvement with them.</span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Normally the program ends with an impressive, day-long colloquium before a large audience in the O’Hara Student Center Ballroom. It indeed is a “big deal”, the culmination of our students’ academic career. Once it became obvious this could not occur, we decided to have each team make its presentation remotely via teleconference with a handful of interested faculty members as its audience. </span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Consequently I participated in seven one-hour-long teleconferences last week, plus a handful of preliminary dry-runs. I was not surprised to see this group of students make the transition to remote communication so flawlessly. I was, however, </span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">pleasantly surprised that the quality of their design work was not compromised. </span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Three of the seven projects this term were based on actual projects in the University’s Master Campus Plan. Part of the Plan for the sports complex on the Upper Campus is the design and construction of a 3,500 seat arena for wrestling, volleyball, and gymnastics, to be located adjacent to the Peterson Event Center.</span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">This location is at the east end of the bowl left when Pitt Stadium was demolished. The team I mentored was given the assignment of performing a preliminary design for such a facility, accompanied by an estimate of its cost and a construction plan to confirm its constructability. This was an ambitious challenge, even for one of the strongest teams in the program.</span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Before the disruption I was sure the team was capable of meeting this challenge; my confidence was confirmed by their presentation. Even though each student was communicating remotely from a different location, their explanation of the results of their work went seamlessly, just as if they were all together in O’Hara Student Center.</span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Another Master Plan project is the renovation of Crawford Hall, a five-story building that is the home of the University’s neuroscience department. Filled with laboratories, it is imperative that this work be done in logical stages, without significantly disrupting the department’s operations.</span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">This project was particularly interesting to me, as I had experienced a similar staged renovation in Benedum Hall about ten years ago. The team implementing this Senior Design Project was made up of Construction Management students; the plan they produced was highly professional and completely credible.</span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Stormwater management and Allegheny County’s combined sewer overflow problems are major infrastructure subjects for Civil and Environmental Engineers. One of our teams, composed of Environmental Engineering students, elected to evaluate stormwater mitigation efforts for two projects in the Master Plan – the Redevelopment of Bouquet Gardens and the conversion of O’Hara Street into a pedestrian-friendly “Complete Street”.</span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">A combination of ‘green roofs” and underground storage was shown to significantly reduce peak stormwater runoff at Bouquet Gardens. A similar effect was found for the addition of infiltration planters between sidewalks and bike lanes on O’Hara Street. Though both are relatively small projects, they clearly quantify the effectiveness of “green solutions” to the combined sewer overflow problem.</span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">In the same vein, another team studied the frequent flash flooding problem in downtown Springdale. Their solution is to capture stormwater before it enters the combined sewer system and store it in large underground containers, to be released after the peak of the storm has passed. In this case, a “grey” solution turned out to be more effective than the alternative “green solution”, an extensive rain garden.</span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">When the new terminal is constructed at the Pittsburgh International Airport, the existing landside terminal is scheduled for demolition. Some folks at the Allegheny County Airport Authority are interested in alternative uses for the facility. One of our teams elected to take on this challenge; they came up with a credible recommendation.</span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Their plan is to convert the landside terminal into a transportation hub linking busy corridors in all four directions. This they would do by retaining the central core of the existing building while demolishing its wings. Attractive glass curtain walls would be installed at both ends. This is a clever solution, including a pair of environmentally friendly alternatives --rain gardens to handle stormwater runoff, and a geothermal heating system as an energy source.</span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Another innovative project is the development of an urban agriculture system in an empty industrial building in Sharpsburg. A team composed of Environmental Engineers conceived an impressive facility including fish tanks, hydroponics, and a conventional greenhouse. Collecting rainwater for process water, generating electricity with solar panels, and capturing nutrients from waste in a closed system produce a cost-effective solution while providing the community with fresh food.</span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">The final project is an excellent solution to the problem of providing rapidly deployable multi-family housing units for communities hit by natural disasters. This team designed a three-story modular housing unit that could be constructed in large assemblies in a manufacturing facility environment, transported to the construction site by trucks, and final-assembled in a minimum of time. Their design utilizes engineered forest products – Glulam columns and girders, and cross-laminated timber floors and ceilings. </span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">The combination of the use of sophisticated technology, the social relevance of each of these projects, and the professionalism shown by the presentations is extremely impressive. When you realize that this was achieved despite the biggest disruption any academic program has seen in years, you realize that this group of students is indeed “the cream of the crop”. And kudos to program coordinator John Sebastian!</span><span style="font-size: 9pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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John F Oylerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04193837081231754727noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8061927294382748064.post-66658147817929101912020-04-19T11:25:00.001-07:002020-04-19T11:25:07.065-07:00So many books, So Little Time. April 23, 2020<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Copyright © 2020 John F. Oyler<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">April 23, 2020<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 14pt;">So Many Books, So Little Time<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">One positive consequence of being sequestered is the fact that it has provided me with a few more hours each week to devote to reading. My love of reading has always placed high on my list of blessings.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">An inventory of the pile of books within reach of my favorite chair in the living room would be a good guide to my current interests. The first one I reach for each day is “Jack Frake”, which is the first book in the “Sparrowhawk” series. It was a gift from my former student and dear friend Kevin Abt.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">There are six novels in this series by Edward Cline that bring “a radically new perspective to the events leading up to the American Revolution”. The first book begins in England in 1744 with a ten-year-old boy who has run away from home and joined a band of free-traders, a courteous name for smugglers making a living circumventing King George II’s tariffs.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Isn’t it remarkable that we are still struggling with the question of free trade versus protective tariffs over two and a half centuries later! This gang played Robin Hood by providing the common folk with affordable goods, much to the dismay of the government.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Next down in the pile is Erik Larson’s current best-seller, “The Splendid and the Vile”. It deals with the first year of Winston Churchill’s role as Prime Minister, beginning in May, 1940, with the Dunkirk evacuation and the Battle of Britain. This is the fifth of his books I have read, and is as entertaining as the others. Larson’s style is to overlay irrelevant details about the daily lives of participants in a momentous event upon the event itself.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Because of my intense interest in this specific time in history I have decided to supplement my reading of Larson’s interpretation of it by rereading Churchill’s wonderful “Their Finest Hour”, the second of his six-book series of recollections of the years leading up to World War II and the war itself.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Comparing and contrasting the two books is fascinating. One wonders which paints a more accurate picture of the times. Larson has the advantage of objectivity and access to related writings by other people undergoing the same experience as Churchill. Nonetheless my interest in the subject drives me to dig deep into “Their Finest Hour”, which reads like the communiques from a war correspondent, which Churchill actually early in his career.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">“The Splendid and the Vile” is this month’s selection for Book Club, a group of seven chronologically (mostly) disadvantaged gentlemen who get together once a month, ostensibly to review a book we have all read. Actually our monthly meetings are often more social than academic. We have been together long enough that we have read slightly over three hundred books.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Last month was our first virtual meeting, which I hosted using my University Zoom license. After a lot of octogenarian fumbling I was finally able to get the five of us available together in a teleconference. We missed Norm, a physician with his hands full these days, and Larry, unable to participate because of family problems. The rest of us carried it off successfully, though it was a poor substitute for wine and snacks in someone’s living room.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">The book we reviewed was Bram Stoker’s “Dracula”. Surprisingly none of us had read it previously, though we were all familiar with Bela Lugosi and the well-known movie. Equally surprising was the fact that the novel is so well written. Its epistolary style, presented as a series of documents written by the various characters, works quite well as a vehicle for telling this complicated story.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Our choice of books to read comes from many sources. The previous month we had read “Mind and Matter”, the story of John Urschel, a professional football player who gave up a lucrative athletic career to pursue a doctorate in mathematics at MIT. Urschel reported that he was heavily influenced by his mother. Somehow we learned that “Dracula” was her favorite book; it turned out to be a good choice for us as well.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Prior to “Mind and Matter” we read Tim O’Brien’s memoir of the War in Vietnam, “The Things They Carried”. It was preceded by “The Meaning of a Poem”, an anthology of poems arranged by form. We each were assigned one form – I got a quick education in the villanelle, a form with which I had no previous experience.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Other books last year included “Overstory” by Richard Powers; “Sapiens: A Brief History of Mankind” by Yuval Noah; the play “Inherit the Wind”; Larson’s “Dead Wake”, the story of the sinking of Lusitania; “Battle Songs, Paul Zolbroyd’s Korean War novel; Paul Greenberg”s “Four Fish”; and Walter Isaacson’s biography of Leonardo da Vinci. An impressive, eclectic list.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Back to my favorite chair pile – next comes “The Liberator” by Alex Kershaw. It is the subject of the second of six workshops Glenn Flickinger is presenting at the Mt. Lebanon Library on World War II. The story of maverick Army officer, Alex Sparks, it will be presented via teleconference.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Next comes Brian Greene’s “The Hidden Reality: Parallel Universes and the Deep Laws of the Cosmos”. It has resided in my pile for quite a while. Reading it is “one step forward and two back” – an amalgam of cutting-edge physics and philosophy. I am too stubborn to give up on it.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">At the bottom is “Singing in the Saddle” by Douglas Green, a member of “Riders in the Sky”, a prominent western singing group. My brother loaned it to me, knowing my love of cowboy music. So far it has prompted me to watch one old Gene Autry movie and one featuring Roy Rogers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Needless to say there is no danger of my getting bored during sequestration; I have enough books on my “must read” list to last for quite a while.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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John F Oylerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04193837081231754727noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8061927294382748064.post-37303804097211754822020-04-19T11:24:00.000-07:002020-04-19T11:24:02.697-07:00A Look Back at 1954. April 16, 2020<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Copyright © 2020 John F. Oyler<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">April 16, 2020<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 14pt;">A Look Back at 1954<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">An expression heard frequently these days is that “things will never be the same again”. It’s easy to believe that, and indeed it does appear that major catastrophes like our current pandemic do have long ranging effects on many aspects of our lives.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">However it is also true that gradual evolutionary changes have a similar effect and perhaps an even greater one. Every time our Octogenarian Brunch Club gets together someone brings up incidents from our youth that demonstrate how much things have changed since then.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">In an effort to shift our intention away from today’s problems, we have decided to roll the calendar backwards sixty-six years and attempt to recall what everyday life was like in this area in 1954. Thanks to the Bridgeville Area Historical Society we have access to a few archived issues of the “Bridgeville News”, including one dated April 15, 1954.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">On that date I had just arrived in Japan and been assigned to the 64<sup>th</sup> Engineer Battalion Base Topographic in the Oji neighborhood in northern Tokyo. That is just about the extreme of social distancing – nine thousand miles from Bridgeville.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">The Bridgeville News was an eight-page weekly paper in those days, published by John L. McCracken and Ralph E. Hennon at News Square, which I remember as a small concrete block print shop on Jane Way. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">The paper cost seven cents a copy, but could be supplied by mail for an annual fee of three dollars. The equivalent cost today would be thirty dollars a year. I wonder how many families today would be willing to pay that amount for a weekly newspaper of this quality? Similarly, the paper had forty-five advertisements from local businesses. How much support of this type would a paper get today? Seventeen word classified ads cost fifty cents (equivalent to five dollars today).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">The front page had twenty-three different news items plus a strange cartoon addressing society’s concern about the behavior of the younger generation. The featured article was headlined “Little League Sets Tryouts”. Methodist minister Reverend Kerr was the commissioner of the four-team league with teams sponsored by the Kwanis, the Rotary, American Legion Post 54, and the Reliable Fraternal Association. I remember playing softball against the Reverend in a church league – he was highly competitive!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Sticking with baseball, another article reported that third baseman Marvin McCormick had been named captain of the BHS baseball team. My high school classmate John Mechtel, a U. S. Navy hospitalman, was reported to be serving on the cruiser USS Salem. Post 54 had honored Past Commander Angelo Pennetti for his service that netted the post a loving cup from the State Legion.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">The Chamber of Commerce was about to honor C. Godwin, A. A. Pepe, J. H Rankin, J. H. Lutz, and Dr. W. C. Thompson for their fifty years of being in business in Bridgeville at a dinner at Bethany Presbyterian Church. Organizers of the dinner were William McDivitt (Bridgeville Trust Company), Cyrus Holman (Bridgeville National Bank), Ralph Weise (Weises’s), and Samuel Fryer (Fryer’s Funeral Home).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Frank Cherry had been discharged from the Navy after forty months on the U. S. S. Blackwood. A graduate of Bridgeville High School (1948) and of barber school, he planned to join his father as a local barber.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">A long article by Civil Defense Director Ed Giuliani had the headline, “Local CD Director Urges Calm Thought”. Tests of the hydrogen bomb had just been completed, magnifying the panic associated with the atomic bomb. Director Giuliani promised to publish recommendations for preparedness in future issues of the paper.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Pages two and three were a combination of a few news items, some local ads, and a lot of “boilerplate” filler. Capelli’s ad reported live entertainment – the Tune Toppers on Fridays and Perry Vincent’s Orchestra on Saturdays. Isaly’s advertised “candy eggs, peeps, and rabbits” for next week’s Easter baskets.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Sergio Bernardi’s “Belltown News” reported complaints about folks burning rubbish on wash day. Congressman Jimmy Fulton’s “Congressional Newsletter” discussed planning for the new Air Force Academy. My favorite bit of boilerplate in this issue is “Solve a Crime” by A. C. Gordon, a simple logic puzzle much like today’s “Slylock Fox” in the comic strips, with the solution printed upside down at the end of the article.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Page four is a full-page ad announcing Louis Russo’s new Bar and Grill at 615 Washington Avenue, “the most modern bar in town”, supplemented by support ads by both local banks, Silhol Lumber and Supply Company, Dreon Building Supplies, Heating and Roofer Dave Nervo, and bar/restaurant equipment supplier William Delp.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">The fifth page is dominated by sports – an ad for fishing gear by Kay’s Sporting Goods store, standings of the County Industrial League, and a column “Sportsmen Outdoors” by Outdoor Editor (?) Frank Floss. Floss mentions fishing at Lake Jo Ann, so it must be a local column. These are supplemented by local news columns for Oakdale and Cuddy/Gladden, and church news. Bethany Church announced Easter Sunrise services at 6:30 am with Reverend Yount, Mayview State Hospital Chaplain presiding.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">The final three pages are an amalgam of loosely related items. Bridgeville Borough legal announcements included Ordinance 443, requiring a permit for solicitation for charitable causes; Ordinance 444, regulating truck traffic on residential streets; and the Borough Auditors’ Report for the Previous year. According to Auditors Keith Bee, Guy Russell, and Virgil Dal Bon, receipts and expenditures balanced at $288,251.46. My favorite classified ad was placed by a lady wanting to swap a ten-acre farm in Hickory for “a house near Bridgeville”. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">This has been an interesting trip back six and a half decades to a time when our concerns ranged from the hydrogen bomb to soot on clothes hanging outside to dry, and we still were buoyed up by the prospect of attending the grand opening of Russo’s Bar and Grill on Saturday night followed by an Easter sunrise service at Bethany Church the next morning.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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John F Oylerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04193837081231754727noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8061927294382748064.post-64408758206596886032020-04-19T11:22:00.002-07:002020-04-19T11:22:55.110-07:00Internet Buskers April 9, 2020<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Copyright © 2020 John F. Oyler<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">April 9, 2020<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 14pt;">Internet Buskers<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">A few days before social distancing turned into sequestering I saw an item in the paper regarding a virtual swing dance party to be held by the Boilermaker Jazz Band that evening. I decided to investigate it and was rewarded royally for my curiosity.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">I have been aware of the Boilermakers since their earliest days, three decades ago. More recently we saw a current version of the band at one of Pitt’s lunch time concerts. Founder and (antique) Albert system clarinetist Paul Cosentino is its leader; trombonist Jeff Bush shares the front line with him these days.</span><span style="font-size: 14pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">We know Bush well and are major fans of his. He has been a member of the faculty at the University of Duquesne Jazz Camp that my grandson Ian attended the past two years. In addition, we hired him and a rhythm section to entertain at my retirement banquet last year.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">The dance party was streamed live from Cosentino’s Facebook page. Sure enough, promptly at 9:00 pm my laptop screen presented a view of five musicians in what turned out to be Cosentino’s living room. In addition to Paul and Jeff the band included string bass player Tony DePaolis, pianist Antonio Croes, and drummer Thomas Wendt. Wendt is another familiar face from Jazz Camp. In addition to being a fine musician, he is an intellectual and an accomplished jazz historian.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">My original intention was to watch a few minutes just to get the flavor of it and then move on to other things. They opened with a rousing version of “Esquire Bounce” and proceeded through a wonderful series of standards, and suddenly it was 10:00 pm and time for their break. By now I was hooked and eagerly anticipating the second set, which turned out to be equally enjoyable.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">By the time they reached the end of that set, I found myself wishing they would go on and on. And I wasn’t alone in my wishes. Facebook was running a chat room in a window on the right-hand side of the screen, with running, equally appreciative comments from the other folks watching. The audience peaked at twelve hundred, generally averaged about nine hundred.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">I was impressed at the obvious enthusiasm of all the members of the band, even though they were playing in a living room, with a camera as their only audience. One must assume they were enjoying greatly what probably is their last opportunity to play together for the foreseeable future.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">I was well aware of the talent of Cosentino, Bush, and Wendt, having seen them perform previously. DePaolis and Croes proved to be perfect partners for them. Together they made up an outstanding quintet.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">At the start of the concert the audience was advised that the musicians would accept tips via Venmo or PayPal. The longer I watched, the more convinced I became that my enjoyment was sufficient that I really should send them a token of my appreciation. If even a fraction of the viewers felt the way I did, the band must have had a good payday.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">All of which leads me to wonder if this might be an appropriate venue for buskers, entertainers who perform in public places in the hope of being reimbursed by gratuities. A good example of successful buskers is “Tuba Skinny”, a seven piece New Orleans style band that started out playing in the street in the Latin Quarter for tips. Today their YouTube videos include a suggestion that viewers support them via Venmo.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">There are all manner of excellent musicians struggling to make a living and lacking a reputation big enough to permit them to survive from gigs in clubs and concerts. One wonders if an Internet venue like the Boilermakers used might generate sufficient income from voluntary tips to make performing pay off for them.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">I certainly prefer to support Tom Roberts and/or the Allegheny City Ragtime Orchestra, or (ragtime pianist) Mark Spitznagel, or Warren Davidson and the folks who perform in “Chamber Music at Old St. Luke’s” series in live performances, but virtual concerts with voluntary tipping would be an acceptable alternative.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">This might be a mechanism for local performers in niche areas to reach broader audiences. There aren’t enough ragtime fans, for example, in the Pittsburgh area to support an outstanding performer, but there probably are nationally.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Violinist Ray Chen has a YouTube site with over one hundred thousand subscribers; we suspect that is quite lucrative for him. My granddaughter Rachael and her clique of teeny-bopper groupies follow it religiously. One wonders how many subscribers/viewers an artist would need to make a living that way.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">In a slightly different, but self-isolation related vein we were thrilled at the Pittsburgh Symphony telecast of their 2016 concert in Berlin, featuring Tchaikovsky’s Sixth (Pathetique) Symphony. It too was a delight to watch and also left me wishing for more.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">In addition to the orchestra’s performance being superb, the camera work greatly enhanced viewing it. The cameramen were able to focus on the appropriate soloist or section throughout the rendition, making it easy for the casual viewer to know exactly who was playing.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">The cameras also did a fine job of following Maestro Manfred Honeck and his conducting. In a live concert we see his back; this gave us the view the musicians see. It certainly demonstrated the way he communicated with the orchestra.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">It was a treat to see close-ups of so many performers we recognize, particularly when they were being featured. Especially impressive were the four principal reed players – Cynthis Koledo DeAlmeida (oboe), Lorna McGhee (flute), Nancy Goeres (bassoon), and Michael Rusinek (clarinet). It is hard to imagine any orchestra with a better quartet than these.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">We enjoyed seeing my granddaughter Rachael’s violin teacher, Irene Cheng, close-up numerous times, as well as Associate Concertmaster Mark Huggins, cellists Anne Martindale Williams and David Premo, horn players William Caballero and Zach Smith, etc., etc., etc. I am surprised I now so many more of the individuals in the Symphony than I do in the Steelers, Pirates, or Penguins these days.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">The concertmaster for this performance was Noah Bendix-Bagley, who since has left for a similar position with the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra. I didn’t realize how much his departure and the failure of the Symphony to find a suitable replacement meant until I watched the concert.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Apparently the Symphony plans to stream video of an old concert every Friday evening. If so, I will certainly look forward to that opportunity each week.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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John F Oylerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04193837081231754727noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8061927294382748064.post-57635355472418910202020-04-19T11:21:00.002-07:002020-04-19T11:21:51.466-07:00The 2020 Iditarod April 2, 2020<div class="MsoNormal" style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Copyright © 2020 John F. Oyler<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">April 2, 2020<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span style="font-size: 14pt;">The 2020 Iditarod<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Long time readers of this column will be aware of my obsession with dogsled racing and especially the Iditarod. It started fifteen years ago, when my wife and I had a memorable vacation in Alaska, during which we visited five different kennels.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">This year, of course, the Iditarod was the last major sporting event before the corona virus chased us all into sequestration. When asked if he thought the event should be stopped in favor of “social distancing”, one musher suggested that camping out with a dozen dogs in sub-zero weather in the Alaska wilderness was probably the extreme of that concept.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">This year’s winner was an apparent ringer, a Norwegian musher named Thomas Waerner. Although this only his second Iditarod, in retrospect we should have realized that he was a serious competitor. In 2015 he placed seventeenth. Since then he has observed the race closely while building up a powerful team.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">In 2019 Waerner won Europe’s most prestigious dogsled race, the 1000 kilometers Finnmarkslopet, run in northern Norway, above the Arctic Circle. His team of carefully bred huskies took over control of the race at its midpoint, checkpoint Ruby on the Yukon River, and put everyone else in their rear-view mirrors. The dogs with which he finished had identical white faces with a dark stripe running down their muzzles to the tip of their noses.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Second place went to sexagenarian (barely) and three time Iditarod champion, Mitch Seavey. His team also came on strong once they reached the Yukon. Seavey attributed this to the fact that he needed longer rests than his younger competitors, and that his team benefitted from the additional thirty minutes each time they stopped.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Jessie Royer repeated her strong 2019 third place finish, once again the fastest female musher. She was first into Ruby, winning her a gourmet catered five course meal, which she promptly shared with her nearest competitors at the time – Waerner, Brent Sass (ended in fourth place), and Aaron Burmeister (fifth). More evidence that the mushers’ close friendships take precedence over their being competitors.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">A month earlier Sass had won the Yukon Quest; its one thousand miles are probably even more demanding than the Iditarod. He and his team have logged two thousand miles in the past two months. The same is true of Michelle Phillips and her team. She was second in the Quest and gained her second thirteenth place in the Iditarod this year.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Sass was the first musher to reach Cripple (milepost 425). This earned him his choice of two prizes -- $3,000 in gold nuggets (actually one the size of a sugar cube) or an equal value in cell phone service from GCI, the local provider. He said it was an easy choice, since there was no cell phone service where he lived, but did thank GCI sincerely for its sponsorship. He will get the nugget(s?) at the banquet in Nome.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Paige Drobny was the second woman to finish, placing seventh with a team her husband Cody Strathe had driven to third place in the Quest. Similarly Ally Zirkle came in eighteenth with the team that brought her husband Allan Moore in fourth in the Quest.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">This was Burmeister’s twenty-sixth Iditarod; his highest finish was third in 2015. He lives in Nome, close to the finish line, where he is a teacher and part owner of a construction firm. Probably had no difficulty motivating his team when they got close to the finish.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Last year’s winner, Peter Kaiser, came in fourteenth; 2018 Champion Joar Ulsom (another Norwegian) placed sixth. Neither appeared disappointed at not repeating; the general attitude of all the mushers is that the important reward is participating and that winning is just “icing on the cake”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Laura Neese is the youngest musher in this year’s race, at twenty-three. Jim Lanier, 79!, is the oldest. Originally his application was rejected because of his age. He proceeded to run two 300 miles qualifying races to show them he was still capable. Unfortunately he changed his mind about competing when he reached the top of the Alaska Range at Rainy Pass, and scratched.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Another interesting scratch was Jeremy Keller, at Nikolai, 263 miles into the race. Rather than being airlifted back to civilization, he just turned around and mushed back to Willow, the starting point, about twenty miles from his home in Knit. It was interesting following him on the GPS map, apparently going backwards.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Coverage of the Iditarod was excellent for the “Insiders”, those of us willing to pay a modest fee. Lots of videos of mushers at the checkpoints. My favorite is one of Mitch Seavey trying to answer a question about sleep deprivation and being drowned out by his entire team howling at the top of their voices.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">I am disappointed that our sports media ignores the Iditarod. Especially this year, when there is literally nothing happening in sports, it would have been interesting for someone to pick up on the Iditarod and take advantage of its drama and all the intriguing individual stories.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Alaska has had heavier snow and colder temperatures than normal this year. The race started in Willow, in a blizzard and encountered deep snow and thirty below temperatures all the way to the Yukon. A couple of days later it was above freezing and many of the teams were resting in the afternoon to avoid the heat.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Without exception, whenever a musher was asked to comment on the difficult trail conditions or the severe weather, the answer, invariably, was “It is what it is.” This expression is famous for being the only two-time winner in Gene Collier’s annual competition for the year’s most overused sports trite expression. The Alaskans are just a little slow catching up.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">The magnificent scenery certainly adds to my appreciation of the event. Aaron Burmeister reported that his biggest thrill was coming out of an “ice fog” into a crystal clear night and the brightest Northern Lights he had ever seen. Similarly, Michelle Phillips was thrilled by four consecutive moonrises.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Comments like these remind me that part of my fascination with the Iditarod is the fact that the competitors are simple, down-to-earth folks, completely unlike the prima donnas in other sports. It would be hard not to root for each one of them.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">The analysts talked a lot about the strategy associated with the decision regarding timing of the mandatory twenty-four-hour rest stop. The two most popular spots were Takotna (milepost 329) and Cripple (milepost 425). At what point in the race is it best to give your dogs a long rest?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Six of the top nine finishers rested at Takotna; three (finishers 2, 4, and 7) elected to push on to Cripple. Difficult to draw any conclusions from that data. The same can be said about the other arbitrary rest stop – eight hours at one of the checkpoints on the Yukon. Waerner (first) and Burmeister (fifth) stopped at the first opportunity, Ruby; Royer (third) and Sass (fourth) at Kaltag, the last possibility. Three others chose intermediate stops.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">This was the third year we had a prognostication competition for our family and close friends. We each predicted the first five finishers, not very successfully. None of us had Waerner or Burmeiseter, and only one had Seavey. My son John edged me out by one point. We both had Royer in third, but he beat me on Sass being closer to his prediction than Seavey was to mine. Sic Transit Gloria!<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14pt;">Once again, the 2020 Iditarod was a pleasure to follow. Where else does a twenty-three-year-old woman compete on an equal basis with a sixty-year-old man in a major event? Where else does weather play such a significant role? Where else do a group of superb four legged athletes have the chance to display their speed and stamina?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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John F Oylerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04193837081231754727noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8061927294382748064.post-52555021343892280562020-03-23T11:04:00.002-07:002020-03-23T11:04:38.113-07:00Voluntary Selective Social Distancing . March 26, 2020
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 256.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Copyright
© 2020<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>John
F. Oyler <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 256.5pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 256.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">March
26, 2020<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Voluntary Selective Social Distancing<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">These certainly are unique
times. Who could have predicted the complete suspension of all major sporting
events, the transition of education from classroom to on-line, the
proliferation of working-at-home, and the disappearance of toilet paper from
the super market shelves? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">I must admit I agree with the
logic of “social distancing”. Certainly, minimizing the contact between individuals
will dramatically reduce the rapid transmission of this frightening virus,
hopefully enough that our existing medical facilities will be able to
adequately care for all of us who are infected.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">The emphasis on washing one’s
hands frequently reminded me of the social onus years ago of “dishpan hands”,
and the series of Palmolive ads featuring Madge, the manicurist designed to
eliminate them. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">My children are concerned with
my fragility and are encouraging me to “hunker down” and wait out the storm. At
this point I appear to be well stocked for at least the next few weeks. The
contents of my freezer include one serving of salmon, three Italian sausages,
three Trader Joe’s “steak and stout pies”, three slices of ham, four Vegetarian
“burgers”, four Vegetarian sausages, and enough frozen vegetables and potatoes
to provide me with eighteen dinners. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">I hope I can replenish my meat
and fish stock before I get into the Vegetarian items. They are there for my
grand-daughter Rachael. I admire her commitment to healthy cuisine, but do not
envy it. After all I did try to eat one of the burgers – its taste was
somewhere between corrugated cardboard and Styrofoam.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">I am committed to
self-quarantine for the near future. So far I have missed one lunch with Don
Toney, my semi-monthly brunch with my high school friends, the second Osher
class on Johann Sebastian Bach at the local library, a Pittsburgh Symphony
concert (Brahms’ First Symphony), and a Civil War lecture in Carnegie.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Unfortunately other folks have
suffered more severely. Rachael was looking forward to participating in two
major concerts, both of which have been cancelled. First was a “Side by Side”
concert at Heinz Hall where youth musicians are paired with members of the
Pittsburgh Symphony. Even more disappointing is her trip to Carnegie Hall in
New York City with the Three Rivers Young Peoples Orchestra; we were planning
to go along as well.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">There is concern that
self-quarantined folks will quickly get “cabin fever”. Fortunately the weather
has broken and I permit myself to take my walks in the woods, morning and
afternoon, as long as I take along my walking stick to ensure that I maintain a
safe (six feet?) distance from anyone I encounter.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">The University has extended
Spring Break a week so instructors can work out the logistics of conducting
courses on-line from their homes. I am envious of them – it would be great fun
to have the challenge of figuring out how to accomplish that. My daughter
Elizabeth disagrees with me; she is in the midst of doing just that for two
courses and doesn’t consider it fun.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">It isn’t clear yet how we will
handle Senior Design. It is a particularly difficult course to handle on-line.
However the experience of sorting this out may be very advantageous to our
students, as it may well be a precursor to the way they will cooperate in
projects once they enter the “real world”. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">I share Elizabeth’s concern
that society may see on-line education, also called “distance learning” as a
low-cost alternative to our conventional approach, which profits from the
face-to face dialogue between students and teacher. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>I have frequently told the story of President
Garfield in his retirement being involved in an alumni organization from
Williams College.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Mark Hopkins served as
President of Williams from 1836 to 1872 and was recognized as one of the ablest
teachers of his time. At some point the Williams administration was seeking
funding for construction of some expensive modern college building, an absolute
necessity for proper education. Garfield is reported to have said “The perfect
college is a log with Mark Hopkins on one end and a willing student on the
other”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">I certainly believe my most
effective teaching was done in my office with a group of students seeking help
with homework. Rather than walk them through the solution I would send one
student to the blackboard and have him demonstrate his thought process, and
comment on it so he would eventually find a solution. I don’t think there is an
on-line equivalent for that.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">It will be interesting to see
if this experience will have an effect on elementary and secondary school
education. Do we really need Taj Mahals if it is possible to handle much of the
teaching remotely? I have long been an advocate to a return to neighborhood
schools, linked electronically to specialty schools.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">I wonder what the duration of
my self-quarantine will be. According to my son John things are slowly
returning to normal in China. His company, which is based in Beijing, has been
operating, apparently effectively, on-line for the past month or so. He and his
family are self-quarantined in California.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Elizabeth is particularly
worried about the effect social distancing is having on low-income workers,
like our favorite waiter in the University Club restaurant where we normally
have lunch together once a week. It is difficult to work from home when one is
a waiter.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">A consequence of families
self-sequestering could be a return to simple pleasures that have disappeared
in our current society. Our children have fond memories of a cold winter week
during the Oil Crisis in the mid-1970s when their schools were closed and we
entertained them by reading “Lord of the Rings”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">One hopes society will learn
from this crisis and make the necessary investment to make certain we are able
to cope with crises like pandemics in the future. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<!--EndFragment--><br />John F Oylerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04193837081231754727noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8061927294382748064.post-47069377093035408132020-03-23T11:02:00.003-07:002020-03-23T11:02:39.500-07:00Barbara Bush, the Matriarch Mach 12, 2020
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 256.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Copyright
© 2020<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>John
F. Oyler <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 256.5pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 256.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">March
12, 2020<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Barbara Bush, the Matriarch<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">The
Bridgeville Area Historical Society welcomed back one of its favorite speakers
last month, Dr. John Aupperle. His subject this year was Barbara Bush, based on
the recent biography “Matriarch”, by Susan Page.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Barbara
Pierce was born in New York City in 1925 and reared in nearby Rye, New York.
Her father was President of McCall Corporation, publisher of popular women’s
magazines. If her future husband, George H. W. Bush, was born with a silver
spoon in his mouth, her spoon was at least silver-plated.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Her
mother and her older sister, Martha, were both slender fashion plates; in
contrast Barbara was plump and dumpy, “the little fat girl” according to her
mother. Apparently this feeling of inferiority stayed with her all her life.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">She
attended Ashley Hall, a </span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">distinguished
girls’ preparatory school in Charlestown, South Carolina. In 1941while she was
home for a vacation she met George H. W. Bush at a country club dance. He was a
student at Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts, an equally prestigious
boys’ preparatory school.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">They
became engaged eighteen months later, when George went off to war as a pilot of
a Navy torpedo bomber. When he returned in 1945 she dropped out of Smith
College and they were married. Their marriage lasted seventy-three years until
her death, a record for a President that has since been broken by Jimmy and
Rosalyn Carter. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">The
newlyweds moved to New Haven, Connecticut, where George comfortably negotiated
an accelerated program in economics and sociology at Yale in two and a half years,
while playing first base in the first ever College World Series.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>They then moved to Odessa, Texas, where he
began a successful career in the oil industry.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Barbara
was an extremely supportive wife in these years, as their family began to grow.
The death of their three-year-old daughter, Robin, in 1953 was a terrible shock
to both of them.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The five surviving
children remember her as the glue that held the family together in their early
years.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">George’s
father, Prescott Bush, served two terms as U. S. Senator from Connecticut,
beginning in 1953. It was obvious that George would eventually enter politics
on his own; in 1964 he lost a race for Senate representing Texas. He
successfully was elected to Congress two years later. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">A
second run for the Senate in 1970 was also unsuccessful. As a consequence
President Nixon appointed him Ambassador to the United Nations. A series of
other high profile assignments followed – Chairman of the Republican Party,
Head of the U. S Liaison Office in China, Director of the Central Intelligence
Agency, Vice President of the United States, and finally President.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Through
all of this Barbara played the part of good wife and mother. She enjoyed their
tour of duty in China and endured her role of “Second Lady of the United
States”.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>The contrast between her and
Nancy Reagan was very obvious. This experience groomed her to be venerated as
“America’s Grandmother” when her husband became President in 1988. The White
House staff found her to be the friendliest and most easygoing occupant of the
First Ladies the had served.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Her
favorite cause was family literacy, culminating in the Barbara Bush Foundation
for Family Literacy, which currently supports 1,500 literacy programs across
the nation. Other issues that had her enthusiastic support were abortion
access, AIDS awareness, civil rights and LGBT issues.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Barbara
accepted retirement in 1992 much better than did her husband. Both were eager
to dismiss the Secret Service protection and to return to life as normal,
albeit wealthy, citizens. She was shocked to realize that hadn’t cooked or
driven an automobile for twelve years.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">She
received honorary doctorates from thirty-one colleges and universities,
including her alma mater, Smith College, eleven more than her husband. When
asked what her values were, she responded “Respect, dignity, and trust”. Her
legacy is the fact that her name is synonymous with them.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">The
next Society program meeting is scheduled for 7:30 pm, Tuesday, March 11, 2020.
Another favorite, Todd DePastino, will discuss “The American Way of Voting; A
Wild History”, in the Chartiers Room of the Bridgeville Volunteer Fire Department.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<!--EndFragment--><br />John F Oylerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04193837081231754727noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8061927294382748064.post-28874618435051423912020-03-23T11:01:00.001-07:002020-03-23T11:01:26.375-07:00Judge Henry Baldwin March 5, 2020
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<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Copyright
© 2020<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>John
F. Oyler <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 256.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">March
5, 2020<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Judge Henry Baldwin<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">We
have been aware of Judge Henry Baldwin’s illustrious career and his minor place
in Bridgeville history for a number of years. We know that he built a summer
home, Recreation, in what is now the Greenwood neighborhood in Bridgeville in
the early 1800s, which he eventually sold to Moses Coulter in 1818.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">We
know that the eastern end of Station Street was originally a country lane
leading from the Washington Pike to Recreation. We know that Coulter sold
Recreation to the Walter Foster family in 1842. They in turn sold it to Dr.
William Gilmore in 1879, who left it to his daughter, Capitola, when he died.
She married Ulysses. L. Donaldson in 1888; the Donaldson family maintained it
until it was demolished in the mid-1900s.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Our
study of Pop Ferree’s workbooks documenting the early real estate transactions
in the Bridgeville area have turned up information that suggests that Judge
Baldwin played a much bigger role in the development of our community than we
had realized. Consequently it is appropriate that we review his career and then
discuss this role.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Henry
Baldwin was born in New Haven, Connecticut, in 1780. He graduated from Yale at
the age of seventeen and then read law at the Litchfield Law School for a year.
In 1799 he moved to western Pennsylvania and was elected as the first district
attorney for Crawford County.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">By
1802 he was in Pittsburgh, combining a successful law practice with lucrative
investments in the iron-making industry. Following the death of his wife Marina
Baldwin married Sally Ellicott in 1805. Along with his associate, Walter
Forward, and their close friend, Tarleton Bates, Baldwin was a member of “The
Great Triumvirate”, a trio of three staunch “Constitutionalists” supporting
Governor McKean.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>In 1805 they took control of “The Tree of
Liberty”, Pittsburgh’s second newspaper, a Democratic-Republican organ
established in opposition to John Scull’s “Weekly Gazette”, a publication with
Federalist leanings.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Discord
over McKean’s re-election campaign ultimately led to Bates’ death in a duel on
January 8, 1806. It was the last duel to be fought in Pittsburgh; Bates’ death
was a major shock for Baldwin. The site of the duel is the end of Bates Street,
at the Monongahela River. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">In
1816 Baldwin was elected to the United States House of Representatives, where
he served for three terms. While in Congress he earned the gratitude of Andrew
Jackson for defending Jackson’s unauthorized invasion of Spanish Florida in
1818. He then supported Jackson’s unsuccessful candidacy for the presidency in
1824 and his successful one four years later.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Jackson
rewarded Baldwin’s loyalty by nominating him as Secretary of the Treasury. Strong
opposition by Vice President John C. Calhoun, who feared Baldwin’s preference
for tariffs, derailed that attempt. When Bushrod Washington died, Jackson
appointed Baldwin as an Associate Judge of the United States Supreme Court in
1830. He served on the court until his death in 1844.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Baldwin’s
years on the high court were significant. He is credited with initiating the
practice of publishing dissenting opinions on non-unanimous verdicts. John
Marshall was Chief Justice; it was his practice to render decisions with no
explanation of the opposing arguments. Baldwin chose to publish independently
the dissenting opinion, the permanent record of the other side of the debate.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Two of
his dissents are cited in Wikipedia. In “Worcester vs Georgia”, 1832, he
affirmed the right of the state (Georgia) to deny the sovereignty of the
Cherokee Indians as a nation. Similarly, in “Groves vs. Slaughter”, 1841, he
upheld the classification of slaves as “property”, a precedent later followed
in the “Dred Scott” decision.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Baldwin
died in 1844. His legacy is his published dissents and a remarkable document he
wrote in 1837 in which he advocated a centrist position between the two extreme
judicial factions, the strict interpreters of the Constitution and the evolutionary
ones. One wishes he were on the high court today.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">A
remarkable entry in Pop Ferree’s workbook, on November 8, 1813, records the
sale of 2023 acres of land in the Bridgeville area, by Presley Neville, to
Henry Baldwin for $32,000. The land includes six major sites – Wingfield (588
acres), Reno (310 acres), Bower Hill (256 acres), Redman’s Place (265 acres),
Sidgefield (404 acres), and Wheatfarm (200 acres).<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Referring
to the Allegheny County Warrantee Atlas gives us a good idea of what this encompassed.
Wingfield was Alexander Fowler’s property on the east side of Chartiers Creek
from Bridgeville south to Mayview (now known as Hastings). Reno is the Benjamin
Rennoe warrant which covered most of Bridgeville northeast of Station Street. The
other four occupy the southwest corner of Scott Township, bounded by Painter’s
Run on the south and Scrubgrass on the north. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">This
is an impressive block of land for one man to own. Presley Neville was heavily
involved in real estate in this area at the time although he had moved to
Pittsburgh, where he served as Burgess from 1804 to 1805. He would have been
the perfect person to organize such a transaction. He did indeed retain
ownership of “Woodville” at that time.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Baldwin’s
motives for such a move are a puzzle. Perhaps he was a land speculator or
possibly a serious investor with ambitious plans for this area. The price he
paid, $16.00 an acre, appears to be excessive; George Washington had sold his
Miller’s Run property for $4.25 per acre twenty years earlier. Thirty-two
thousand dollars in 1813 was a fortune, equivalent to five or six million
dollars today.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">At any
rate the Greenwood neighborhood was part of the Rennoe warrant and we presume
that 1813 is when Baldwin built Recreation. This was, of course, prior to his
becoming a Congressman, a time when his primary occupation was that of an
attorney. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">On
September 10, 1814, Baldwin paid Stephen Barlow $2,400 for three plots totaling
875 acres – “Reno Place”, “Dennison’s”, and “Wingfield”. We presume these were blocks
of land that complemented his larger holdings. We suspect that “Dennison’s”
applies to Dennison’s Run which may be the name of the tiny creek running down
Cow Hollow to Chartiers Creek.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">At any
rate by this time Baldwin owned a continuous swath of land three miles long by
one mile wide running all the way from Scrubgrass Run in Scott Township to
Mayview in Upper St. Clair.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">On
July 15, 1816, Baldwin began to sell off land with a block of 396 acres going
to James Sawyer for $8,000 (about $20 per acre for land he bought three years
earlier for $16 per acre). This appears to be most of Wingfield, bounded on the
north by the aforementioned Dennison’s Run. On the same date Mr. Sawyer sold
the same property to John McKown for $8,700. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Baldwin
was busy again on November 22, 1819. He traded a small plot to Moses
Middlewarth for another small one, which then permitted him to sell a major
block of land to Moses Coulter, 402 acres for $15,000 ($37 per acre!). Our
concern that he paid too much for the land originally was unjustified. This
transaction probably included Baldwin’s summer home, Recreation. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">The
next, and probably final, appearance of Henry Baldwin’s name in Pop Ferree’s
workbook is dated November 19, 1827. It reports a sheriff’s sale of 1050 acres,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“lands
and tenements of Henry Baldwin, late of Allegheny County, yeoman” to the Bank
of the United States for $8,000. We can understand the necessity for a
sheriff’s sale; the involvement of the federal bank is a puzzle.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
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<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Judge
Baldwin was certainly a significant national figure in the early years of the
nineteenth century. We were surprised to learn how significant he was in the
early development of Bridgeville.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--EndFragment--><br />John F Oylerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04193837081231754727noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8061927294382748064.post-83458434784704686812020-03-23T11:00:00.000-07:002020-03-23T11:00:00.409-07:00Early Settlers in South Fayette February 27, 2020
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 256.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Copyright
© 2020<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>John
F. Oyler <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 256.5pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 256.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">February
27, 2020<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Early Settlers in South Fayette<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">We
recently had the privilege of meeting with a group of South Fayette Seniors and
discussing the pioneers who originally settled what is now South Fayette
Township. We have talked and written about early settlers in the general
Bridgeville area; this was our first opportunity to focus on South Fayette,<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">We
began by revisiting the series of events that led to the establishment of the
township in its present form. Pennsylvania’s claim to southwestern Pennsylvania
was finally upheld in 1780. At that time Washington County was established; it
consisted of all the land west of the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">In
1788 Allegheny County was created with its southern border being close to what
it is today; it extended to Lake Erie in the north. Within the county, Moon
Township included all the land south of the Ohio River and west of Chartiers
Creek. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">In
1790 Fayette Township was established from part of Moon Township. It, in turn,
was subdivided into North and South Fayette Townships in 1842. The final event
was the establishment of Collier Township in 1785 from parts of Robinson, South
Fayette, and North Fayette Townships.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">We
currently believe that the first people to occupy this area were very primitive
wanderers who left evidence of their existence fifteen to twenty thousand years
ago at Meadowcroft Shelter.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">About
one thousand years ago there were several villages of a native culture well on
the way to civilization in this general area. Known as the Monongahela People
these folks lived in crude huts in organized villages, raised crops, and
manufactured crude tools.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">This
was the same era as the Mound People in the Ohio Valley, the Mississippian
people in Cahokia (east of today’s St. Louis), and the Anasazi in the Four
Corners area. Cahokia was home to 40,000 people in those days; a population
greater than that of London at the time.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Unfortuntely
all these budding civilizations disappeared and were replaced by the native
Americans who were here when the European settlers arrived. They had only a few
small settlements in southwestern Pennsylvania; it was primarily a hunting
ground for them.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Delaware
Tingooqua (known as Catfish to the Europeans) had a hunting camp in what is now
downtown Washington, Pa. The trail from that site to an occasional settlement
on the Ohio River at today’s McKees Rocks was named Catfish Path in his honor.
It followed ridges along the Chartiers Valley. The settlers improved it and
renamed it the Black Horse Trail. In the nineteenth century it became the
Washington and Pittsburgh Turnpike. A century later it served as the route for
part of I-79.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Prior
to 1768 this area was off limits to permanent settlers. The Treaty of Fort
Stanwix that year reversed that restriction and opened it up. Christian Lesnett
elected to take advantage of this opportunity; he is believed to be the first
settler in what is now South Fayette. His claim was along Coal Pit Run, near
today’s Alpine Road.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">In the
same year a mystery man named Miller showed up and claimed the land at the
mouth of a creek that he named for himself. According to legend he sold it to
land speculator John Campbell. “The Mouth of Miller’s Run” passed to Campbell’s
sister at his death. She sold it to Presley Neville who then sold it to Robert
Johnson in 1807. Johnson was the subject of one of our recent columns.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">In
1772 Richard Boyce and his cousin Thomas Faucett arrived and staked claims in
the south end of the township. Boyce Station and Fawcett Church Road are named
for them.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">George
Vallandingham and his brother-in-law Richard Noble claimed land in the
northwest part of the township along Robinson Run in 1773 and founded
Noblestown. Richard’s son Henry then built a sawmill and a grist mill and
established a prosperous trading business.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Next
came Nicholas Hickman and his two sons, in 1774. They purchased a claim from a
settler deciding to move west, supposedly for one cow. Their land was northwest
of Coal Pit Run, including Hickman Hill, currently the site of Calvary Full
Gospel Church.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Abraham
Middleswarth and his son Moses arrived in 1781 and claimed land in what is now
the northeast corner of the township, in the Thoms Run area. Moses eventually moved
across Chartiers Creek and acquired most of the land in Bridgeville west of
Washington Avenue.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Samuel
Morgan came to the South Fayette area sometime in the early 1780s and claimed
the property known as “Armaugh” which eventually became the community of Morgan
(the site of this talk). He built a grist mill there which was sold to Moses
Coulter in 1811. We know very little about Coulter’s early life; he arrived in
South Fayette in 1790.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">James
Dinsmore was born near Belfast in Ulster, Ireland in 1742. He came to the New
World as a young man, settling in York, Pa. Around 1776 he claimed “Canaan” on
Miller’s Run, in the Cuddy area. By 1795 he and his family had moved into Washington
County in Canton Township. A blockhouse called Dinsmore’s Fort was built on
this site.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Obadiah
Holmes, Jr. and his family came to South Fayette at about the same time and
claimed “The Parsonage” due north of Morgan’s property. His parents had settled
on Chartiers Creek in what is now Strabane Township in 1775. He was a
participant in the Gnadenhutten Massacre, allegedly reluctantly.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">These
early settlers were remarkable people – self-reliant, resourceful, and very
hardworking. One wonders how many of us today could achieve what they did.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Our
thanks to Margie Smith and the South Fayette Seniors for the opportunity to
discuss them.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
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<!--EndFragment--><br />John F Oylerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04193837081231754727noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8061927294382748064.post-64832592334726648312020-03-23T10:56:00.002-07:002020-03-23T10:56:39.573-07:00A 1938 Grade School Operetta . February 20, 2020
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<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 256.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Copyright
© 2020<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>John
F. Oyler <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 256.5pt;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 256.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">February
20, 2020<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">A 1938 Grade School Operetta<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">While
sorting through some old papers at home recently Alfred Barzan came across a
nostalgic artifact that he thoughtfully has donated to the Bridgeville Historical
Society. It is an eight-page mimeographed program for the “Bridgeville Grade
School Operetta, 1938”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Although
its pages have turned brown in the ensuing eight decades, its contents are
easily legible and overflowing with nostalgia. Apparently the talented students
at Washington Grade School took over the Auditorium at Lincoln High School at
8:15 pm one evening and presented a pair of vintage operettas.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Nowhere
in the program is the date given; the subject of both operettas suggests that
they were presented during the Christmas season. Students from grades one
through three performed “A Mischievous Mouse in Toyland”; then grades four
through six performed “The Magi’s Gift”. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Much
to my surprise, the script for “Mischievous Mouse” is still available on the
Internet, currently going for $140. I was unable to find any reference to
“Magi’s Gift”. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Mickey
of course, played by Bill Batch, was the “Mischievous Mouse”, who wandered into
Toyland and created much mayhem. Bill’s twin brother Jim was one of a group of
“drums” in Toyland which included Alfred and Emery Barzan, Marty Chabala, Danny
Colussy, Richard Deep, and John Graham (all third graders). <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Other
featured performers were Russell Kurtz (Teddy Bear); Don Vosel (Santa Claus);
Sally Russell and Bonnie Keele (Stick Candy Twins); Dick Meharey, Bob Hopper,
and Dick Rothermund (Soldiers); and Don Colton (Indian Chief). Don Colton
distinctly remembers his part in the pageant, including the lyrics to the song
he sang. Marian Jones was featured as Don’s “Squaw”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Supporting
Soldiers included Howdy Collins, Don Gates, and Aldo Mosso. Among the Dolls
were Rebecca Bennett, Nancy Copp, and Shirley Green. Louise Duchess and Dolores
Fagan were members of the additional Stick Candies. Familiar (to me) names
among the Tops were Joan Batch, Emma Cortazzo, Mary Lou Graham, and Sally
Silhol.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">A
surprise for me was the name of Nancy Schullek as a Top. I remember her as a
Senior at Bethel High School years later; apparently her family moved from
Bridgeville in the interim. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">This
was also true of Bobby Albertson, who was one of the Indians, along with
Florene Cherry, Ray Fagan, Mary Alice Fryer, Dolores Kovach, Bob O’Neil, Arlene
Scola, and Ethol Snyder. Lots of familiar names in the “Singing Chorus” – Bob
Baldwin, Pauline Calabro, Alma Moore, Sam Patton, Paul Rankin, Ray Sherp, and
Don Toney.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">There
are a few puzzlers in the list of performers. We remember Ray and Dolores
Fagan, but who was Thomas Fagan (one of the Indians)? Listed as a Drum is Erno
Rosa. We assumed this was our classmate John Rosa; checking with John turned up
the information that Erno was a separate person, a resident of Union Street in
those days.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">It is
unfortunate that we have no record of the plot of “The Magi’s Gift”. Act I
takes place in England in the Middle Ages on Christmas Eve. The program lists
fourteen musical numbers in the first act, including eight traditional carols,
as well as “Kolyada”, Mummers, and Morrice Dances. Act II takes place at the
same site, on Christmas Day. It has eight familiar carols as its musical
numbers.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">We
have determined that “Morrice Dances” are traditional English folk dances
performed in unison by six or eight dancers. The six dancers listed in this
program include Charles Seaman, Zoe Styche, and Mildred Volle. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">We are
familiar with the term “mummers” from the New Year’s Day parade in
Philadelphia. Apparently it originated with folk plays in the British Isles,
often performed in the Christmas season. Our mummers included Russell Adams, Norman
Kreiger, Jean Lutz, and Ed Wolf.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">“Kolyda”
is more of a problem. It probably refers to a pre-Christian Slavic winter
festival which somehow morphed into the Christmas celebration. Fortunately this
number was performed by “Mary and children”. The part of “Mary” was played by
Mary Weise – we will rely on her to explain how Kolyda fit into the plot.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">There
are many familiar names in this cast, in addition to Mary Weise. Jane Conner
was Elsbeth; Bill Hopper, young Tom Moreley; Frank Cortazzo, the Turk (one of
the Mummers); and Almo Pruner, Jester (also a Mummer). Embedded in Act II is a
traditional Nativity Play in which Charles Banks is one the <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Shepherds,
Dick Regaller and Sam David are Wise Men, and Dolores DeBlander is one of the
Angels. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">A
large Chorus supported this production. Among its members were Warren Carson;
Alfred, Iris, and Skip Colussy; Louisa Copp; Virginia Fitzgerald; Geraldine
Harmuth; Patty Patton; Delores Pesavento; and Paul Schmidt.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Jerome
Barziloski, Bernadine Conroy, Betty Graham, and Tom Lytle were “Skaters”.
Perfectly cast as “Angels” were Betty Jean Miele; the Shepos twins, Betty and
Marie; and Velma Viale.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">The
students in “The Magi’s Gift” ended up being the BHS Classes of 1945,1946, and
1947. “Mischievous Mouse” performers graduated in 1948, 1949, and 1950. Sadly,
far too many of them are no longer with us.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Nonetheless,
skimming over the names in this program has brought back a lot of pleasant
memories, in addition to reminding us of people whom we had forgotten.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">We are
grateful to Alfred for faithfully preserving this artifact all these years. It
is a valuable addition to the Historical Society’s archives.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<!--EndFragment--><br />John F Oylerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04193837081231754727noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8061927294382748064.post-55006988973988171722020-03-23T10:55:00.001-07:002020-03-23T10:55:21.087-07:00Roza Shanina, Soviet Sniper . February 13, 2020
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<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Copyright
© 2020<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>John
F. Oyler <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="tab-stops: 256.5pt;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">February
13, 2020<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Roza Shanina, Soviet Sniper<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">The
Bridgeville Area Historical Society opened the new year with one of its rare
Sunday afternoon programs. The speaker was a young lady named Dana del Bianco
who specialized in studying Stalinism, at Carnegie Mellon University. Her
subject was a Soviet hero of World War II, Roza Shanina, a decorated sniper.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-font-kerning: 0pt;">Miss
Shanina </span><span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">was born in Yedna, Russia, in
1924, and educated at a pedagogical college in Archangelsk, Siberia. She was
working in a kindergarten when war broke out and she joined the Red Army. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Women
were treated as equals in the Soviet Union; it is not a surprise that they were
the only country to employ women in combat during the Second World War. At
least one hundred thousand Russian women saw combat in that conflict. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">A
special assignment for women was as a sniper. The Red Army was convinced they
were especially well equipped for this unique role. As many as 2,500 Russian
women served as snipers; five hundred of them survived the war. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Miss
Shanina entered the service in June, 1943, following the death of her brother in
action. She was immediately identified as a potential sniper and did so well in
training that she became an instructor at that academy. Her persistent requests
for combat eventually resulted in an assignment as leader of a female sniper
platoon in the 184<sup>th</sup> Rifle division in April 1944, just in time to
join a counter-offensive near Vitebsk.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="Standard" style="mso-outline-level: 1;">
<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">She
immediately distinguished herself by killing seventeen German soldiers “while
subjected to artillery and machine gun fire”. She was rewarded by receiving the
Order of Glory, Third Class, and having her portrait displayed on the front
page of the Soviet newspaper “Unichtozhim”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Her
platoon then joined Operation Bagration which eventually drove the enemy out of
Russia, across Lithuania, and into East Prussia, with major victories at
Vilnius, Kaunus, and Konigsberg. Sergeant Shanina’s “kill” total reached fifty
before she suffered a wound in her shoulder that took her out of action in
December.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">After
a fast recovery she was back at the front by January 8, 1945, just in time to
learn that she had been awarded a second medal. This time it was the Order of
Glory Second Class. With it came additional national publicity. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">The
speaker showed a number of photographs of the sniper, all apparently posed.
They show a remarkably photogenic young blonde lady, sporting a dimpled smile.
In each of them she is displaying her medals on her chest and is holding her
rifle. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Her
weapon was a classic Mosin-Nagant rifle equipped with a 3.5 power telescope. It
is a repeating gun with a five cartridge, bolt operated magazine. The
cartridges were thirty caliber (7.62 mm). Originally developed in 1891, it is
in many ways comparable to the American 30-06. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Seeing
the medals reminded me of a cartoon character in some long-forgotten comic
strip of the 1940s – a Russian military officer whose chest was completely
draped with medals, exactly like the ones in Miss Shanina’s photographs. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Ms.
del Bianco made her presentation in a replica uniform very similar to the one
in the photographs – neat cap, brown jacket complete with medals, dark skirt,
and high boots. We assume this was a dress uniform, not her regular work
clothes. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Roza
Shanina was certainly a prime subjet for the Soviet propaganda machine. The
contrast between her angelic appearance and her achievements as a killer is
ironic. If someone as innocent looking as this child can be converted into a
cold-blooded killer, surely the USSR must prevail.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">Her
fame was short lived. On January 27, 1945, she was severely injured by an
artillery shell. She died a day later. Based on the notoriety of her publicity
it is conceivable that she had been targeted by the enemy.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 14.0pt;">During the war, correspondent
Pyotr Molcnanov was involved in publicizing Miss Shanina’s exploits. When she
died he acquired her diary, a set of notebooks she kept during the last four
months of her life. They were published in 1965, generating a renewed interest
in her career, as well as a number of posthumous honors.</span><span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-family: "Helvetica",sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-size: 14.0pt;">During
her presentation the speaker frequently inserted statements verbatim from Miss
Shanina’s Diary. Taken out of context they present several different aspects of
her personality. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-size: 14.0pt;">For
example, “If you know how passionately I want to be at the front and kill
Nazis” suggests that she is evil, a cold-blooded assassin. Similarly, “Solid
hit on Fritz at a distance of 20 meters and clearly killed 15, maybe more. Good
hunting for us two – 35 Krauts” sounds like the everyday journal of someone
doing his/her job.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-size: 14.0pt;">A
thorough reading of the Diary, however, paints a dramatically different
picture. Roza Shanina comes across like a prototypical young single woman,
beset with social problems and stuck in a job full of highs and lows. One
suspects that her sudden fame as a Soviet hero was difficult for her to handle.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-size: 14.0pt;">One
wonders what she was really like. The contrast between behaving like a comic
strip character in a 1945 issue of “War Comics” and acting like a character in
a TV sitcom (“Friends?”) is dramatic.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-size: 14.0pt;">It
is also easy to reflect on the many aspects of war. At one extreme is the
impersonal attitude of a bomber pilot dropping bombs on an unknown target or a
gunner on a battleship loading shells into a sixteen-inch cannon aimed at a
shore miles away. The other extreme is the sniper, spotting her target in her
telescopic sight and watching him crumble when her slug hits him.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-size: 14.0pt;">After
Jumonville Glen, Washington reported there was “something charming in the
sound” of bullets in a battle. Robert E. Lee commented that “It is well that
war is so terrible, or we should grow fond of it”. More profound than either
was William Tecumseh Sherman, “War is Hell”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background: white; color: #222222; font-size: 14.0pt;">The
Society’s next program meeting is scheduled for Sunday, February 23, 2020, at
1:30, in the Charties Room of the Bridgeville Volunteer Fire Department. Dr.
John Aupperle’s subject will be “The Matriarch: A Life of Barbara Bush”.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--EndFragment--><br />John F Oylerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04193837081231754727noreply@blogger.com0